Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a growing incidence in developing countries such as Iraq. Chronic inflammation and exposure to environmental toxins like aflatoxin-B1 may influence disease development and progression. This study investigates the role of aflatoxin-B1, caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD-9), and Dectin-1 in CRC among Iraqi male patients, including newly diagnosed cases and those under chemotherapy. A total of 88 participants (60 CRC patients aged 25-70 and 28 healthy controls) were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were withdrawn from each participant from four hospitals in Baghdad between October 2023 and January 2024

This study involves examining the antenna array factor using the MATLAB environment for three types of antenna arrays. These types are carried out to operate at the neutral hydrogen line emission of the wavelength of 0.21 m (this wavelength is very important in radio astronomy observations) with three configurations of antenna arrays. These configurations are a linear array, a planar array, and a circular array. The array factor is computed to include the linear array factor (LAF), planar array factor (PAF), and circular array factor (CAF), respectively. The array configuration is considered a crucial parameter that controls an array factor pattern, and it depends on the number of antenna elements with the dist

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital bioactive factors that are important in almost every kind of cellular events. It plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and is implicated in various diseases. This study aims to identify and characterize the differential expression of miRNAs in ulcerative colitis tissues compared to normal tissues and investigate their potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Real-time PCR was used to profile miRNA expression in 20 ulcerative colitis samples and 20 matched normal tissues. Bioinformatics tools were used to analyze expression patterns and identify significantly deregulated miRNAs. The analysis revealed miRNAs with significantly altered expression levels in ulcerative colitis tissue

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy affecting reproductive-aged females, in which prolactin (PRL) hormone seems to significantly affect the disease’s course. Considering the scarcity of local studies investigating the potential association of MIR4760 expression in the context of POCS and hyperprolactinemia, the present study aims to assess the potential differential value of PRL and MIR4760 gene expression in hyperprolactinemia and POCS patients. A total of 75 females (age range 14-40 years) were involved in this study (including 25 patients diagnosed with POCS, 25 patients with hyperprolactinemia, and 25 apparently healthy controls). Peripheral blood samples were collected f

     The levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), as well as zinc, iron, and calcium, in patients with β-thalassemia major who undergo repeated blood transfusions, with and without Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, remain unexplored. Many studies have focused on iron overload in β-thalassemia major; however, there is a gap in information regarding the role of MMP-2, both in the presence and absence of HCV infection. The present study focused on the role of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in β-thalassemia major patients infected with HCV. This cross-sectional observational study included 80 patients suffering from β-thalassemia major; 50 cases had previously been diagnosed as positive f

     The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is rising globally, accompanied by a high mortality rate. Systemic inflammation is believed to significantly contribute to CRC development, highlighting the need for accessible, reliable, and cost-effective tools to assess patients' inflammatory status. This study aimed to evaluate liver and renal functions and the changes in blood cell-based inflammatory markers related to CRC. This cross-sectional case-control study included 60 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 30 healthy controls.  Complete blood counts were performed using an automated analyzer. The blood cell-based inflammatory markers include the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic

Abnormal bleeding from the uterus is one of the most common concerns in gynecological clinics. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the histopathological characteristics of endometrial tissue samples in women suffering from peri-menopause and post-menopausal bleeding in Hillah, Iraq. This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 110 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding who visited a private laboratory in Hillah, Iraq, from January 2022 to December 2023 and were hospitalized and underwent diagnostic curettage (C and D), total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) or TAH and BSO were placed. The results showed that the most common type of abnormal uterine bleeding among the women

Introduction: Endothelin-1gene is an important factor that can contribute to cardiovascular and kidney disorders. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Endothelin-1gene was related to many diseases and may be associated with complications of diabetes mellitus type II.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Endothelin-1genetic polymorphism and DM type II in the Iraqi population.

 Methods: Blood samples were collected from patients with type II diabetes and control. PCR was applied to detect the Endothelin-1gene and conducted genetic sequences for Endothelin-1gene to detect SNPs (rs1800543, rs2070699, rs1476046, rs1762831452, new671, rs587777231, rs5877

     The selection of the most suitable land for cultivating a particular crop is one of the major problems facing the Ministry of Agriculture in general and farmers in particular, and this suitability for cultivation depends on many factors (natural and human), including soil type. This research used indicators, remote sensing, and spatial modeling to solve this problem. The method of band rationing was applied to calculate the salinity index (SI) and the Normalized Multi-Drought Index (NMDI) as a pre-processing for agricultural decision-making in specific areas in southern Iraq (Dhi Qar, Al-Khamisiyah), using the Landsat-8 satellite image of this area. Maximum likelihood classification was used to classify the study area into multi

     Epilepsy is recurrent unprovoked seizures with incidents of about 50 new cases per year per 100,000 people. Generalized seizures indicate abnormal electrical discharges starting synchronously from both sides of the cerebral hemispheres and spreading to the other neuronal brain networks. This study included an analysis of 200 diagnosed generalized epilepsies patients aged from 14 to 50 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 2:3, in which 40% were males and 60% were females . From Erbil Hospital, doctors collected the data during 2018-2024 manually from the outpatient clinic. The study aimed to test Levetiracetam (LEV) drug on 200 patients to predict its effectiveness in the treatment of generalized epilepsies and determine the s

     A modern, rapid RP-HPLC-UV method was developed and validated in compliance with FDA and EMA guidelines for simultaneous quantification of 15 β-lactam antibiotics) Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, cephalexin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cephalothin, piperacillin, penicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin Carbenicillin, Mezlocillin and Dicloxacillin) in pharmaceutical formulations and pure forms. The method employs Column NEUCLEODUR C-18 (4.0 mm x 100 mm, 5µm particle size), at a temperature of thirty degrees Celsius, and the mobile phase was acetonitrile and KH₂PO₄ using gradient elution with a total separation time of 13 minutes, a flow rate of 1.3 ml/min, at = pH 4.5 for the buffer solution and the

Smoking exposes individuals to a range of harmful chemicals linked to various diseases and remains one of the most common unhealthy behaviors. The objectives of this research are to investigate the correlation between smoking and mtDNA-CN using measured levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) as an inflammatory response. The current study included 80 smokers and 60 non-smokers. The levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP were measured using the ELISA method, and mtDNA-CN was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Our study showed that the relative mtDNA/nDNA ratio was lower in smokers compared to non-smokers (0.8186 vs. 1.740; p = 0.0001). The AUC value was 0.8442 (p < 0.0001). We also found t

We consider R is any ring with identity and  is a non-zero unitary left R-module. In this article we study the notions of large small submodules with ascending (descending) chain conditions on large small submodules. Also, we will discuss and study many basic properties about this concept that fulfills the chain condition with its generalization to the ring. Where a submodule  of  is said to be large small of  denoted by if for  such that  then  is essential in .

     The Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region is widely used for fungal identification in complex biological specimens. Fusarium is an opportunistic fungus responsible for a range of diseases in both plants and humans. This study aimed to identify Fusarium species at the species level and investigate their genetic variation. The ITS region of eighteen isolates was amplified by universal ITS primers (ITS1 and ITS4) using PCR. The PCR products of the ITS regions with a molecular weight of 588 bp were sent for sequencing, and then analyzed the sequence results by blast in the National Centre Biotechnology Information (NCBI) online to detect genetic variation in ITS regions. Phylogenetic analysis was compared with N

The most dependable source of fresh water is groundwater. Several factors, including urbanization, industry, and population growth, seriously endanger groundwater supplies. The amount and quality of groundwater supplies are significantly impacted by climate change. The Erbil sub-basin is the area of the study, where groundwater rather than surface water is the primary supply for agricultural and residential purposes. To determine the possible groundwater zones, many parameters such as rainfall, elevation, slope, drainage density, land use and cover, and lineament density are created as separate layers using GIS techniques and then put through a weighted overlay analysis. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was utilized to assign the w

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing were used in this project to assess and monitor Umm Khashm Cemetery, one of Iraq's most significant ancient cemeteries. Over 140,000 incidents of grave robbing were found throughout the studied area, highlighting the pervasive problem of looting. By examining soil irregularities and the shadows produced by robbed tombs, satellite imagery, including high-resolution datasets from WorldView-2 and Google Earth, was utilized to identify instances of theft. The study shows how well remote sensing and GIS work to record and evaluate cultural heritage site deterioration, offering important information for conservation initiatives. The findings highlight these technologies' importance in saf

This study was done at the Biotechnology Research Center/Al-Nahrain University to elucidate the activity of aqueous extract of olibanum after twenty days on glucose, lipids, and oxidation in diabetes-induced rats by using Alloxan (100 mg/kg). Twenty male rats aged 6 weeks and weighing 180±3g were categorised into four groups, five rats for each: group 1 (control) given distilled water, group 2: diabetic (no treatment), group 3: diabetic group given (150 mg\kg) of olibanum aqueous extract and group 4: healthy rats (non-diabetic) given aqueous extract. The results revealed that the rise in blood glucose was accompanied by an increase in triglycerides, cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in diabetic rats.

     In this research, we investigated the impact of toxins in a predator -prey paradigm where several externally harmful chemicals directly infect the prey. During feeding, the predator indirectly inherits the detrimental health. To investigate the impact of toxin-producing prey on the predator population, a mathematical model is made public. It is believed that the poison emitted by the prey population has a deleterious effect on the quantity of predators. In this paper the stability and Bifurcation, be modeled. As demonstrated by the numerical aspect addressed, the numerical solution showed that changing the parameters has an effect on the model.  The results are explained by numerical simulations. The system is

In this paper, a class of analytic and multivalent functions and its various properties is introduced, by using Generalized Bernardi-Libera-Livingston of Integral Operator which is defined on the open unite disk U. Coefficient bounds, distortion theorem, closure and radii of star likeness, convexity are obtained.

Kidney tumors are of different types having different characteristics and also remain challenging in the field of biomedicine. It becomes very important to detect the tumor and classify it at the early stage so that appropriate treatment can be planned. The main objective of this research is to use the Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) algorithms to help the early detection of kidney tumors. In this paper, tried to implement an automated segmentation methods of gray level CT images is used to provide information such as anatomical structure and identifying the Region of Interest (ROI) i.e. locate tumor, lesion and other in kidney.
A CT image has inhomogeneity, noise which affects the continuity and accuracy of the images segmentation. In

A simple, inexpensive, and home–built electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) system with stable cone-jet mode was used to obtain nickel oxide (NiO) thin films on glass substrates kept at temperature of 400°C. The primary precursor solution of 0.1 M concentration hydrated nickel chloride dissolved in isopropyl alcohol. The structural, optical and electrical parameters were studied. The optical absorbance spectra for the studied samples showed its maximum around 280 nm. On the other hand, thickness interferometry measurements on the tested samples showed that film thickness was around 400 nm. The optical energy gap of the prepared NiO samples was determined to be 3.75 eV and the maximum value of refractive index was determined to be 2.1 a

The cadastral map is very important because it has technical and materialist
specification of the property borders and these maps which are land registration
based on it in Iraq, the problem is an ancient maps and unfit for use, despite its
importance, Therefor the updating and digitize the cadastral map is very pivotal, this
is what we have done in the present work.
In the present work, we have an old cadastral map (as a paper) was made in 1932
with modern satellite image (Quick Bird ) 2006, which has 61 cm resolution for the
same area after. Geometric correction technique has been applied by using image-toimage
method or (image registration ) and after that we get new agricultural cadaster
map and connect the

This work is aimed to design a system which is able to diagnose two types of tumors in a human brain (benign and malignant), using curvelet transform and probabilistic neural network. Our proposed method follows an approach in which the stages are preprocessing using Gaussian filter, segmentation using fuzzy c-means and feature extraction using curvelet transform. These features are trained and tested the probabilistic neural network. Curvelet transform is to extract the feature of MRI images. The proposed screening technique has successfully detected the brain cancer from MRI images of an almost 100% recognition rate accuracy.

     Isotope tracer methods were used to determine flow paths, recharge areas, and relative age for groundwater in the Ameriyat Al- Falluja Al-Anbar governorate. The isotope of surface water and groundwater in the Ameriyat Al- Falluja area was assessed using a stable isotope technique. Data stable isotope parameters (²H and ¹⁸O) for three surface water and five groundwater samples were detected. The comparison of hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions between groundwater and Euphrates River water demonstrated that the composition of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes from Euphrates River matched that of the local meteoric water. This indicated that rainfall is the primary source of the river wate

In this research Epoxy resin was reinforced by nano alumina (AL2O3) particles in grain size(25-30 nm) with two weight ratios (2,4)% then compared with pure Epoxy. Four mechanical tests were performed on these materials include Hardness, flexural, impact & compression strengths before and after immersion in tap water and chemical solutions (CH3COOH) acid, (KOH) base at (0.5N) ,The diffusivity coefficients of all prepared samples were calculate after immersion in water and chemical solutions mentioned above , the results were showed that the Flexural, Impact & Hardness increase after addition the ceramic particles (AL2O3) while the immersion process results showed illustrated different values from sample to other.

     The nuclear size radii, density distributions and elastic electron scattering charge form factors for Fluorine isotopes (^{17,19,20,24,26}F) were studied using the radial wave functions (WF) of harmonic-oscillator (HO) potential and free mean field described by spherical Hankel functions (SHF) for the core and the valence parts, respectively for all aforementioned isotopes. The parameters for HO potential (size parameter ) and SHF were chosen to regenerate the available experimental size radii. It was found that using spherical Hankel functions in our work improved the calculated results quantities in comparison with empirical data.   

     Polluted water has been considered a critical issue nowadays, threatening the environment and lives of living creatures. Because of technological and industrial advancements, as well as increased social activities of humans in various countries, pollution sources have multiplied. To reduce the impact of this problem, many techniques have been developed in order to reach zero discharge pollution. In the last decade, graphene oxide (GO) - a member of the graphene nanomaterials family, has been the focus of many research efforts in the water treatment sector because of its extraordinary properties. This review highlights the research efforts conducted to investigate GO as a novel adsorbent for water treatment applications and recen

     In Parallel programming, a programmer needs to understand hardware environment, programming paradigm and primitives available in the programming language. Most of the time, parallel programmes are written for a specific architecture and cannot typically adapt to other architectures Particularly, programs written for shared memory architectures are unsuitable for distributed or hybrid architectures. This paper proposes Adaptive Design Pattern for Parallel Programming to improve adaptability, flexibility with achieving performance on different architectures.

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is required to scale to various architectures from simple machine to cluster of workstations. In this study, MD Simulation experiment

The Pila Spi formation composed of seven lithotypes; carbonates (dolomite and
dolomitic limestone), marl, shale/claystone, red argillaceous mudstone, sandstone,
carbonate breccias and debris flow, which are arranged in repeated cycles of mixed
siliciclastic-calciturbidites in a range of gravity-flow regime in the Koi Sanjaq area.
Sedimentologic and facies evidences suggest developed marine environment for the
Pila Spi Formation. Facies analysis and associated sedimentary structures including
graded beddings decide turbidity and gravity flow regime origin of the rocks.
Marine environment is supported by the identifying glauconite and fossils types,
which is reported here for the first time rather than lagoon enviro

The primary objective of this study is to monitor and collect data from the main
tributaries of Smaquli stream during rainfall storm events, which can be used to
establish relationship between suspended sediment concentration and discharge. The
Smaquli catchment is divided into two sub-catchments namely Sarwchawa and
Krosh with areas of 80.64 and 34.82 km2 respectively. Jali dam is built at watershed
outlet. Rainfall, stream discharge, and suspended sediment concentration are
monitored during ten rainfall storms in the water years (2012-2013) and (2013-
2014). Analysis of the data from the two sampling sites, shows two different
responses of suspended sediment concentrations. The Krosh sub-catchment reacts
rapi