Removing cationic and ionic dyes from aqueous solutions has been studied using mesoporous silica. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a template and sodium silicate, a low-cost precursor of silica, was used in the Sol-gel process. The N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms; TEM, XRD, and SEM were used to analyze the silica particles. The findings demonstrate that mesoporous silica (MPS) particles in the nano range (40-80 nm) have the form of flower particles, with an average pore width of 3.44 nm, a precise surface area of 423.52 m²g-¹, and a pore volume of 0.5677 cm3/g. These particles may effectively adsorb dyes. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Timken models of adsorption suited the adsorption

Due to its high solubility and unpredictable behavior, gypsum content is significantly challenging in engineering tests and agriculture processes. Another crucial element is that it causes long-term groundwater pollution and impacts buildings. This study explores the distribution and characteristics of gypsum soil in Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq, integrating field sampling, remote sensing techniques, and GIS tools. The land cover of the research area (27,751 km²) was classified into four types: 15% bar soil, 40% structures, 16% vegetation and agricultural fields, and 8% water bodies. Gypsum content was measured using the Al-Mufty approach, while reflectance indices interpolation techniques, such as the Bar Soil Index (BSI) a

There is increased interest in using safe substances for human health, such as creating nanoparticles in an easy and affordable manner to solve the issue of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to create a new antibacterial agent by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract (ScE) to biosynthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), that inhibit the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). From 150 swabs taken from various clinical sources from patients at several hospitals in Baghdad, thirty-six S. aureus were isolated and diagnosed based on phenotypic characteristics, biochemical tests and then confirmed by PCR via targeting 16S rRNA gene for S. aureus, and m

Global spreading happened for a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 that emerged in 2019. The viral genetic diversity studies help us to comprehend the virus’s transmission, pathogenesis, and epidemiology. The main aim of this study is to improve the dataset of Iraqi SARS-CoV-2 mutation, monitor virus spread and evolution, and identify possible mutation patterns. As seen from this study, all the sequenced positive samples had mutations in variable regions of N gene. It was discovered in 23 local isolates that 18 were Omicron associated with moderate infections, accounting for 61.1%. The remaining isolates comprised three Alpha and two Beta variants, all associated with severe infection, caused mutation leading to alteration of amino ac

The 2D electrical resistivity method was applied in four selected locations between Hit-Kubaiysa regions, Al- Anbar Governorate, western Iraq. This technique was implemented using the Wenner-Schlumberger array in four survey lines, each line covers 1190m distance. The robust least squares method was used for obtaining the inverted models. The absolute error percentage was less than 0.1%. On the lights of interpretation results, two zones were delineated in the locations of two inverted sections: the first zone represents the Euphrates Formation, while the second zone represents the Dammam Formation. While, in the locations of the other two sections, three zones were found: the first zone represents the Euphrates Formation, the second zon

The objective of this study was to design and synthesize novel sulfa drugs by incorporating different cyclic imides into their structures. This goal was achieved in two steps. In the first step, four selected sulfa drugs, including sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethoxazole, were reacted with different cyclic anhydrides, namely (maleic, phthalic, and succinic) anhydrides producing N-Drug amic acids (1-6). In the second step, the dehydration of compounds (1-6) was carried out through a fusion process to produce the target corresponding imides (N-Drug imides) (7-12). The results of the biological activity study indicated that the developed drugs (7-12

The authors introduce novel subclasses within the univalent and bi-univalent function classes in the open unit disk . Using a newly defined operator, the study explores the properties of holomorphic bi-univalent functions in , focusing on parameters such as the Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients , the Fekete-Szegö functional, and the second-order Hankel determinant. These parameters are critical for understanding the geometric and holomorphic characteristics of these functions. The investigation emphasizes the significance of the proposed operator and subclasses under varying parameter conditions, contributing valuable insights to geometric function theory. Derived corollaries further refine existing results, demonstrating practical applicat

We consider linear decreasing deteriorating of processing times  of jobs on single machine, i.e., P_(i )=Ƥ_(i )-β_(i ) t_(i ),  〖0<β〗_(i )<1  and 〖t 〗_(i )≥0, where P_(i )  is actual process,  Ƥ_(i )  is a basic process for job i ,  β_(i )  is decreasing rate , t_(i )  is a starting time of job i  with  n- jobs, non- preemptive, no - idle on a single machine. We study some classical criteria as make span, total completion time, total lateness times, total waiting times, maximum lateness times and maximum tardiness times, important conclusion dependent on the decreasing rate of expected of basic process of jobs with respect to its decreasing rate when a basic process is random variable in general case. 

The content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) is a crucial property of biodiesel and serves as an indicator of the transesterification reaction that converts vegetable oil into biodiesel. To facilitate the rapid estimation of FAME quickly in the biodiesel industries, simple methods such as measuring refractive index, density, and dynamic viscosity measurements were employed to monitor the progress of transesterification of castor oil to biodiesel. Blends of castor oil and biodiesel were mixed at different weights to find correlations between FAME content and refractive index, density, and dynamic viscosity measurements. The transesterification of castor oil with methanol was carried out to examine how the refractive index, density, and

Chloroxylenol is widely used in hospitals and other healthcare facilities to reduce the growth or the microbial load of pathogens. What’s more, biofilms are a major challenge in treating P. aeruginosa infections. The genes of PslA and pelA in two operons encode two polysaccharide polymers present in the biofilm of P. aeruginosa, Psl and Pel, respectively. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the contribution of chloroxylenol to the inhibition of the P. aeruginosa biofilm. Here, the intensity of biofilms was determined by the crystal violet and microtiter plate method, whereas the RT-qPCR technique was adopted to illustrate the effect of chloroxylenol on the expres

The upregulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) channels in the cell membrane promotes malignant cell migration, proliferation, and invasive capabilities. The translation inhibition of AQP3 mRNA in the 3̍-UTR of AQP3 crucial for reducing the synthesis of AQP3 channels and preventing or lowering breast cell migrations and proliferations. Promoter markers such as hypoxia inducible factor one alpha (HIF-1α), tumor suppressor protein (p53), and estradiol (E2) are associated with the progression of breast mass disease and also induce the AQP3 expression. The aim of this study is to investigation the possible association of SNP (rs16919255) in 3̍-UTR of AQP3 gene with the intracellular levels of HIF-1α, p53, and E2. Sixty–five breast tum

This study addresses the challenge of identifying Pliocene reservoir channels where small quantities of hydrocarbons can cause misleading Class III AVO anomalies, leading to inaccurate predictions of commercially unviable gas. It explores whether seismic attributes, such as far amplitude, in combination with well-log data, can confirm the presence of a prospective anomaly. This is especially relevant for the Kanaria Pliocene feature within the Baltim North area, offshore in the Nile Delta. To investigate this, we employed a range of post-stack seismic inversion techniques, including colored inversion, sparse spike inversion, band-limited inversion, and model-based inversion, to delineate the hydrocarbon-rich sands in the Kanaria Pliocene

     Aerial photogrammetry offers the insights necessary to guide projects, and it is a powerful tool for civil and construction engineers. Using rapid computer vision (C.V.) photogrammetry development, structure from motion (SfM) algorithms became an integral part of the photogrammetry technique. Integrating SfM algorithms and photogrammetry through the so-called print-grammetry technique allows the creation of real-world 3D models, avoiding the need for site visiting and fieldwork. This study aims to assess three print-grammetry scenarios for capturing screen images from the Google Earth (GE) Pro using various camera orientation settings to follow these advancements. Images were captured automatically, allowing the user to set the

Cybercriminals or hackers design malware programs with malicious intent to steal, spy, and destroy victim's computers. Malware encompasses various forms, such as viruses, trojans, ransomware, spyware, and adware, each requiring effective classification for accurate identification and mitigation. High-quality datasets are crucial for training classification models, and the CIC-MalMem-2022 dataset, containing 58,596 records and 55 numerical features, is an essential resource in this regard. This study used artificial intelligence techniques and algorithms such as KNN, Decision Tree, Random Forest, SVM, and Naïve Bays, as well as supervised and hybrid machine learning by integrating Random Forest and K-Nearest Neighbors KNN to improve clas

Infertility is a global health issue presenting both biological and social implications for males and females. Current literature concerning male infertility has been linked to a reduction of glutathione levels in the seminal plasma of men. Despite a growing body of literature on global infertility, there is currently little genetic research investigating the association of genetic polymorphisms with male infertility in Iraq. This study aims to explore the association of Glutathione-s-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) with Iraqi male infertility. Single and double gene test analyses were performed to study the differences between study groups. Genetic analysis of the target genes GSTM

Coronaviruses, including the novel SARS-CoV-2, have led to a global pandemic, emphasizing the crucial role of T cells in mounting effective immune responses. This study investigates the correlation between cytotoxic T cells (CD8), vitamin D3 (VD3), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a sample of Iraqi COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals. A total of 120 participants were included, comprising COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals. Samples were collected between October 2021 and February 2022. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for COVID-19 diagnosis. VD3 and CD8 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, while CRP levels were measured via the ICHROMA system

Nanocrystal-ZnS-loaded graphene was synthesized by a facile co-precipitation route. The Graphene was affected on the characterization of ZnS which has been investigated. XRD results reveal that ZnS has a cubic system while the hexagonal structure has been observed by loading graphene during preparation ZnS. D.c-conductivity proves that ZnS and ZnS/Gr have semiconductor behavior. The sensing properties of ZnS/Gr against NO₂ gas were investigated as a function of operating temperature and time under optimal condition. The sensitivity, response time and recovery time were calculated with different operating temperatures (100, 150, 200)^oC.

     A multivariate control chart is measured by many variables that are correlated in production, using the quality characteristics in any product. In this paper, statistical procedures were employed to find the multivariate quality control chart by utilizing fuzzy Hotelling  test. The procedure utilizes the triangular membership function to treat the real data, which were collected from Baghdad Soft Drinks Company in Iraq. The quality of production was evaluated by using a new method of the ranking function.

This article deals with the influence of porous media on helical flows of generalizedOldroyd-B between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders.The fractional derivative is modeled for this problem and studied by using finite Hankel and Laplace transforms.The velocity fields are found by using the fundamentals of the series form in terms of Mittag-Lefflerequation.The research focused on permeability parameters , fractional parameters(

 The objective of this study is to select a suitable observing region at Baghdad location (44^o 22^' 48^", 33^o 16^' 30^") with low interference that may affect frequency of 1.42 GHz. Baghdad University Radio Telescope (BURT) is used in this study to determine a convenient region for observation in Baghdad sky. Different azimuths and elevations were chosen at different observations time. The results of this study showed that the best observations regions were located at azimuth (120^o-160^o) and (210^o-260^o). These regions included less sky temperature and estimated to be (42.8 to 163) K. The sky temperature model could be represente

The accuracy of IRI- 2012 and VOACAP models during high solar activity level have been tested to know which of them is more accurate in predicting hourly foF2 values for three Iraqi cities (Baghdad, Mosul and Basrah). The results indicated that the accuracy of them increases for all hours during Spring and Summer and decreases during Winter and Autumn especially at hours near to sunrise; i.e., both of two models have the same accuracy. And that the foF2 values predicted by VOACAP model are higher than that predicted by IRI- 2012 model for all seasons.

Let R be a semiprime ring with center Z(R) and U be a nonzero ideal of R. An additive mappings are called right centralizer if ( ) ( ) and ( ) ( ) holds for all . In the present paper, we introduce the concepts of generalized strong commutativity centralizers preserving and generalized strong cocommutativity preserving centralizers and we prove that R contains a nonzero central ideal if any one of the following conditions holds: (i) ( ) ( ), (ii) [ ( ) ( )] , (iii) [ ( ) ( )] [ ], (iv) ( ) ( ) , (v) ( ) ( ) , (vi) [ ( ) ( )] , (vii) ( ) ( ) ( ), (viii) ( ) ( ) for all .

The problem of non-Darcian-Bènard double diffusive magneto-Marangoni convection   is considered in a horizontal infinite two layer system. The system consists of a two-component fluid layer placed above a porous layer, saturated with the same fluid with a constant heat sources/sink in both the layers, in the presence of a vertical magnetic field.   The lower porous layer is bounded by rigid boundary, while the upper boundary of the fluid region is free with the presence of Marangoni effects.  The system of ordinary differential equations obtained after normal mode analysis is solved in a closed form for the eigenvalue and the Thermal Marangoni Number (TMN) for two cases of Thermal Boundary Combinations (TBC); th

     A computer simulation was conducted using Optics Software for Layout and Optimization (OSLO) to design a Cassegrain telescope system for on-axis rays. In order to establish such a telescope, the two mirrors of the optical system were designed as spherical surfaces: a concave mirror and a convex mirror. The obscuration ratios of the Cassegrain telescope's secondary mirror were examined using different values, which ranged between 0.1 and 0.3, to determine the best obscuration ratio. This work adopted three criteria to decide which obscuration ratio is the best for the Cassegrain telescope. The first criterion was the number of rays that reached the final image. The second criterion was calculating the modulation transfer function

     Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) thin films have been deposited on a glass substrate utilizing the plasma DC-sputtering method at room temperature at different deposition time in order to achieve different films thickness, and studied its sensitivity to the  carbon monoxide CO gas which are show high response as the film thickness increases, the DC-conductivity and photoconductivity are also studied and which are increased too as the film thickness increases, that indicates the good semiconducting behavior at room  temperature and light environments.

Accurate detection of Electro Cardio Graphic (ECG) features is an important demand for medical purposes, therefore an accurate algorithm is required to detect these features. This paper proposes an approach to classify the cardiac arrhythmia from a normal ECG signal based on wavelet decomposition and ID3 classification algorithm. First, ECG signals are denoised using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and the second step is extract the ECG features from the processed signal. Interactive Dichotomizer 3 (ID3) algorithm is applied to classify the different arrhythmias including normal case. Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH) Arrhythmia Database is used to evaluate the ID3 algorithm. The experimental resul

In this paper, the solar attraction effect on the Moon orbital elements had been studied. The solar attraction considered a third body perturbation. The initial values of the Moon orbital elements at 2015-1-21.5 which are used (semi major axis=380963.78 km, eccentricity =0.056o, Eular angles (Ω=30°, ω=40°, , i=18.4°). The Moon in a perigee of its orbit at the initial time. A program which designed, was used to calculate the Moon position ,velocity and orbital elements through the years (2015-2035). The position and velocity components of the Moon were calculated by solving the equation of Kepler for elliptical orbit using Newton Raphson's method for (1000) periods and hundred steps of time for each period. The results show a secular

This study investigated the applicability of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles for the removal of cadmium metal from sewage water by using batch scale experiments. The iron oxide nanoparticles of 27.7nm were synthesized using a biological method and characterized by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM).  The Box-Wilson design was used to conduct experiments with three parameters such as pH (2-6), time of adsorption (6-120min) and adsorbent dosage (5-25mg/L). The best conditions occurred at pH: 5.5; contact time: 95.8 min; and iron oxide nanoparticle dosage: 20.77 mg/L for maximum cadmium removal of (96.9%).

Fifty five surface and subsurface soil samples were taken from the area between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers along the Main Drain course from north Baghdad to Basrah to evaluate the geochemical, physical characteristics and the probability contamination of these samples. The study area is covered by Quaternary sediments of complex alternation of sand, silt and clay. Significant variation in the textural content of the present soils is observed, where the northern and southern parts are characterized by silt predominance, while sand is prevailing in the central parts as a result of the extensive spreading of aeolian deposits represented mostly by sand dunes. Mineralogical analysis explains wide variations in the heavy minerals distribution

    Current study was carried out to determine the adsorption ability of the Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by adsorption Malachite Green dye from an aqueous solution. Crystal structure of the materials was measured using powder X-rays diffraction (PXRD), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance and specific surface area (BET). Many parameters that affecting the adsorption process such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and temperature were studied. The outcome showed that an increasing occurred in the adsorbent dosage and the rate of dye removal, and the best efficiency for Malachite Green dye removal was amounted 99. 11 %. The results were obtained at optimal reaction conditions were pH = 5.5, cata