The entry time of the prayer in Islam is a prerequisite condition for performing obligatory prayers, and prayer times to be performed in Islam coincides with the time changes of the position of the sun. The elliptical and equatorial coordinates of the sun were calculated for different latitudes. The prayer times for the city of Baghdad were calculated at (latitude = 33.34º N, longitude = 44.43 E) with high accuracy for the year 2021 AD. The results showed that all prayer times are affected by latitude according to each region except (Dhuhr prayer (, it changes with the change of the equation of time, because the equation of time does not depend on latitude, but rather on the sun’s declination, which depends on date. We al

The proliferation of manipulated multimedia content poses a significant threat in an era heavily reliant on social networks as primary information sources. Despite numerous countermeasures targeting specific attack types, the seamless nature of image manipulation challenges the differentiation between authentic and altered visuals. This study aims to detect fake images generated by StyleGAN2-ADA using watermark analysis and image content analysis techniques. The first experiment evaluates the performance of watermarking techniques in the spatial (Least Significant Bit (LSB)) and frequency (Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)) domains using real-life imagery. Then, watermarked images are used as input to the StyleGAN2-ADA model to generate sy

Text-to-image (T2I) in recent advances has proven an important headway, but high-quality and efficient image generation is still a challenge. We proposed GANViT, a new model for generative adversarial vision transformer. It is designed for fast and efficient high-quality T2I synthesis. GANViT addresses limitations in existing models, such as extensive data requirements for training, multi-phase processes that slow down synthesis speed, and many parameters needed to achieve adequate performance. GANViT consists mainly of a generator and a discriminator, but these parts are separately based on a vision transformer (ViT). The generator ViT utilizes a feature bridge for fine-tuning, thus enhancing image generation capabilities. Conversely, t

The Badr area is part of the Jifarah plain at the northern escarpment of Jabal-Nafusah, northwest of Libya. According to hydrological information, groundwater depths in the area under study range between 200 in the south and 130 m in the north. However, this information did not indicate the stratigraphic sequences and nature of the groundwater layers. Geological and hydrological information was collected from 33 wells in the area to investigate this. The wells information revealed the existence of two aquifers. The first shallow aquifer lies between 16-25m depth within silty sand sediments. The second aquifer lies between 60-90m depth. In some wells (located near the present valleys and have sandy clay lithology), this aquifer has low sa

This study evaluated the effects of two relaxin concentrations (60ng/ml and 90ng/ml) combined with Tris (TC: control, T1: 60ng/ml, T2:90ng/ml) and soybean lecithin extender (SC: control, S1: 60ng/ml, S2:90ng/ml) on post-thaw sperm quality in Holstein bulls. Sperm parameters, including motility, viability, abnormalities, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity, were assessed over cryopreservation periods of 48 hours, one month, and two months, with post-thaw incubation for one and two hours. All treatments experienced a decline in motility and viability over time, but T1(60ng/ml in Tris) maintained significantly the highest motility compared to the control (TC) group (p≤0.05). Soybean lecithin extenders generally showed lower

The two-dimensional Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) technique was used in this study to investigate The variations in resistivity within the Hit-Kubaisa area, Abu Jir Fault Zone (AJFZ) to detect fractures zone and evaluation of this technology in detecting faults. The study also aims to analyze the impact of these fractures on the geology of the region. Using the Wenner-Schlumberger array, the researchers conducted four survey lines with 120 electrodes spaced 10 meters apart, allowing them to map subsurface geological structures down to a depth of 240 meters. The results showed clear differences in resistivity, making identifying fracture zones and potential subsurface cavities possible. It also highlighted how these faults affect t

The main goal of this work is to study some new characteristics of groupoids ring of algebraic topology, and we started with algebraic cases and simple topology, but it is vital as information background for comparing what we found as a result and if we focused in our study on the topological projective ring groupoid and topological projective cover. Taylor Robert, who talked about groupoid and topological groupoids was the start of the topological group groupoid and topological groupoid rings. The relationship between topological projective groupoid ring and topological group groupoid was developed. We used the definitions, previous relationships topological projective groupoids ring, topological group groupoid, projective cover and top

Fractal Image Compression (FIC) is a robust method for reducing multimedia applications' data storage requirements and communication costs. This research introduces a partitioning strategy based on quadtree as variable length block partitioning with Prewitt Operator as a criterion for guiding the partitioning decision. The proposed system achieves significant time savings while increasing the Compression Ratio and identifies a near-optimal PSNR compared with the previous studies. The increase in PSNR reached 25% at its highest value while maintaining the compression ratio, which increased to 30% without a significant change in the time required for implementation. Additionally, a novel set of moment descriptors is introduced that develop

The green synthesis of nanomaterials is of particular interest to researchers worldwide. It is described as a simple, robust, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method. This research presented an easy and quick method to biosynthesize iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄NPs) using hibiscus flower extract. The biosynthesized Fe₃O₄NPs were used to treat polluted water samples taken from different points on the Euphrates River in Iraq. The nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the surface-enhance

Remote sensing techniques have been utilized to assess and manage natural resources in general and vegetation, in particular, to preserve the sustainability of plant wealth, evaluate and explain the current state of the vegetation condition, and determine the changes that occur to it as a result. Mosul's forests are exposed to many fires, including in 2017, 2021, and 2022. This study used Landsat8 satellite images and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Some spectral indices were used, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and Enhanced Vegetation Index 2 (EVI2). Land Surface Temperature (LST) was also calculated, in addition to the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) a

This research presents the development of two sensitive indirect spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative determination of indomethacin, applicable to its pure form, pharmaceutical formulations, and biological samples. The two methods A and B were developed based on the reaction of the drug indomethacin with bromine, which was generated in situ using an excess of the friendly environmental materials bromate-bromide mixture in an acidic medium through the principle of green chemistry. The residual amount of bromine reagent was then quantified by reacting it with either indigo carmine (method A) or methyl violet 2B (method B) dyes, and the absorbance of the remaining two dyes, with the absorbance of the remaining dyes measured at wa

Biofilm formation is a powerful strategy harbored by Klebsiella pneumonia isolates and helps them prevent antimicrobials from penetrating the cell and escaping the immune system. The aim of the study to correlate the genic variation of MrkA gene in isolates of constructing and non-constructing biofilm. The result showed that 55% of isolates formed biofilm, and their Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) were significantly higher than the MBC of non-forming biofilm isolates. In addition, the MBC mediating biofilm destruction was higher than the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) mediating planktonic cell killing. This may indicate that the biofilm plays a significant role in the survival of K. pneumonia

In modern computing, efficient task scheduling in cloud environments, especially for large-scale scientific workflows, presents a significant challenge as it is classified as a NP-hard problem. This study introduces an improved version of the Manta Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm, named Lévy-Heuristic Manta Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm (LH-MRFOA), which is enhanced with Lévy flight and heuristic search techniques to address these challenges. The Lévy flight mechanism is integrated to enhance the algorithm’s exploration capabilities, allowing it to avoid local optima effectively and achieve global convergence. Meanwhile, the heuristic search method is employed to improve the exploitation capability of the algorithm while e

This study aims to assess the degree of contamination by heavy metals in the topsoil of the oilfield West Qurna-1. After collecting 16 soil samples in October 2023, the results were classified as sandy sludge. The research region has a soil organic matter (OM) concentration of 3.6%, a pH level of 7.8, and a soil salinity of 8%. Soil samples collected from the oilfield WQ-1 contained detectable levels of heavy metals compared with national and world limits They had moderate levels for. Cr=255.6 ppm, Ba=445.3 ppm, Rb=46.3 ppm, and high levels of heavy metals Ni=170.6 ppm, Sr=716.5 ppm, Cu=64.6 ppm, Br=128.8 ppm, and Zn=122.4 ppm. The basis for evaluating heavy metal contamination was using the Contamination Factor (CF), Geoaccumulation Ind

Viral load is a topic of interest among researchers, especially to estimate COVID-19's severity. The current research is performed to demonstrate the correlation between the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients and cytokine storm progression. A case-control study has been conducted from October 2022 to June 2023. Nasopharyngeal samples were taken from 89 patients for the assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 viral load. The virus was detected and quantified by molecular tests employing real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Serological assays were also done for the determination of inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β) in the blood and the estimation of some biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, D-dimer

The significance of supra topological spaces as a subject of study cannot be overstated, as they represent a broader framework than traditional topological spaces. Numerous scholars have proposed extensions to supra open sets, including supra semi-open sets, supra delta-open sets and others. In this paper, the concept of supra delta-semi-open set was introduced within the generalizations of the supra topology of sets. Our investigation involves harnessing this category of sets to introduce new notions in these spaces, specifically supra delta-semi-limit points, supra delta-semi-derive points and examining their relationship with supra semi-open. Building upon this set classification, we introduce several additional concepts such as supra

This work includes calculating the orbital elements around the Moon with different heights, ranging from 100 to 1000 km, at an eccentricity of (e = 0.05 and 0.1) with an inclination=28.48 deg. Cowell’s equation was used to calculate the effect of the Earth's attraction on a satellite orbiting around the Moon using the MATLAB program. In this paper, research was conducted to find the best orbit of a satellite orbiting the Moon, which has the least possible perturbation and the least possible change of orbital elements, in order to get the longer life of the sent satellites. The lowest height was found to be the best way to obtain more efficient images with the lower-cost camera. Newton-Raphson method was used to solve Kepler’s equatio

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), accurate node localization is critical for ensuring efficient network functionality, as it directly impacts communication, energy consumption, and network management. This paper aims to enhance node localization accuracy by developing a hybrid approach that leverages two bioinspired optimization algorithms: the Mountain Gazelle Optimizer (MGO) and the Crayfish Optimization Algorithm (COA). The research method combines the exploration and exploitation capabilities of these algorithms to optimize the positions of unknown (target) nodes using known (anchor) nodes. The proposed technique was tested across multiple WSN deployment scenarios and compared with traditional optimization methods such as Particle

Hsieh-Wildenthal (HW) and G-matrix PF1, (GXPF1) interactions for ⁴⁰Ca and ⁴⁸Ca, respectively. The ⁴⁰Ca was considered to be consisted of ³²S as a core and 1d_3/21f_7/2 subshells as a model space. The ⁴⁸Ca was considered to be consisted of ⁴⁰Ca as a core and 1f_7/22p_3/21f_5/2 2p_1/2 subshells as a model space. The obtained one body-density matrix elements (OBDME) for both interactions for the studied Coulomb transitions:  For ⁴⁰Ca, the three non-normal parity transitions (C3): ,  and  and one C5 transitions,  .  For ⁴⁸Ca, the two C2 transitions:  and  and one C4 transitions  were used

In this paper the effect of electric field and rotation on the peristaltic flow of a fluid in an asymmetric channel with porous medium is studied

In this paper, we present the notion of a purely maximal sub-module,  also we consider some properties of this concept, and we Tresearch some relationships between purely maximal sub-modules and some other related ideas. Furthermore, we give purely-radical modules and purely local modules.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of secondary metabolites extracted from the Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) of three oyster mushroom species (Pleurotus ostreatus, P. florida, and P. sapidus) to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The extracts were prepared using methanol 85%, ethanol 85%, and aqueous solvents at two concentrations: 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was tested against two pathogenic bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, using an agar-well diffusion assay to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed varying degrees of antibacterial activity among the SMS extracts. A

Let 〖PT〗_n  be the set of all partial functions from the set N to the set  M, where N, M⊆X_n  and X_n={1,2,…,n}. Then  〖PT〗_n  is a semigroup subject to the composition of partial mapping or a monoid with identity PI_n. Here,  the ideal of  〖PT〗_n  in terms of an element ξ∈ T ̃_(n,0)  was studied, where T ̃_(n,0)  is full transformation monoid from the set X_(n,0)  to itself such that X_(n,0)={0}∪X_n. Finding that there are two kinds of ideals in 〖PT〗_n, two-sided ideals, and a left ideal. As well as the ideals of

Removal of some physical, chemical and biological pollutants from tap water and well water using three different types of activated carbon has been investigated in this research. Water samples were collected from the local area and treated in a closed system(a one-step household filter system), and the turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, chloride, some heavy metals such as lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr), nitrite (NO₂), nitrate (NO₃) and total plate count has been measured before and after treating of the three types of activated carbon (lignocellulose activated carbon (AC1), anthracite coal activated carbon (AC2) and commercial activated carbon (AC3) which it prepare by

Novel formamidine transition metal complexes were synthesized and thoroughly investigated through a reaction between various metal ions (Mn(II), Fe(II), Pd(II), Rh(III), Pt(IV), and Mo(VI)) and N,N-bis-(m-nitroaniline), resulting in air-stable complexes with geometrically distinct structures, including octahedral arrangements for Fe(II), Rh(III), Pt(III), and Mo(VI), a square planar configuration for Pd(II), and a tetrahedral structure for Mn(II). The structures of these compounds were identified using various techniques. IR spectra verified how the formamidine group act as bidentate N₂ ligand chelating with the metal ions. Mass spectroscopy confirmed the suggested geometries. Studies have done by pyrolysis (TGA and D

Digital Models of Elevations (DEMs) Using Surfer 16, which are interpolated to create three-dimensional controls for the entire terrain, are typically used in visualization of geospatial entities. The interpolation method used determines how accurate the resulting terrain model will be, hence it is necessary to compare the effectiveness of various approaches in this situation. Numerous generic interpolation techniques, using inverse distance to a power, triangulation as with linear interpolation, the nearest neighbor, and kriging, have been studied. These interpolation techniques produced DEMs. With the aid of SURFER software 16, the primary goal of this effort was to introduce the DEM using a spatial interpolation method and to present

The upregulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) channels in the cell membrane promotes malignant cell migration, proliferation, and invasive capabilities. The translation inhibition of AQP3 mRNA in the 3̍-UTR of AQP3 crucial for reducing the synthesis of AQP3 channels and preventing or lowering breast cell migrations and proliferations. Promoter markers such as hypoxia inducible factor one alpha (HIF-1α), tumor suppressor protein (p53), and estradiol (E2) are associated with the progression of breast mass disease and also induce the AQP3 expression. The aim of this study is to investigation the possible association of SNP (rs16919255) in 3̍-UTR of AQP3 gene with the intracellular levels of HIF-1α, p53, and E2. Sixty–five breast tum

The purpose of this study is to introduce a new idea for module Q over ring R, let Q be well a unitary left R-module and let R be any ring with one. We refer to Q as a closed-supplemented module, if each submodule of Q has closed-supplement submodule where  X is called the closed-supplement submodule of C in Q ,if  Q=X+C and X∩C≪_c  X , C⊆Q .On the other hand we introduce the concept of closed-weakly supplemented module, whenever that each submodule within Q has closed-weak supplement in Q , such that a submodule X of Q is named closed-weak supplement of C , if Q=X+C and X∩C≪_c Q.We prove some properties of these class of modules. Many Several of about these ideas are given, additionally the rel

 In this research, a new coefficient of conjugate gradient technique is identified which is used for solving issues related to image restoration. This coefficient is derived using Perry's conjugacy condition and the quadratic model. The algorithms have been shown to exhibit global convergence and possess the descent property. Through numerical testing, the new method demonstrated a significant improvement. It has been shown that the innovative conjugate gradient method works better than the conventional FR conjugate gradient technique.

The work focuses on the pressing issue of pollution caused by radionuclides, which causes significant hazards to humans, public health and the environment. Radioactive cesium (Cs) is among these pollutants. It is particularly hazardous due to its high mobility and long half-life (30 years). To remove cesium from radioactive waste, traditional treatment methods were used, such as ion exchange and coagulation, both generate large quantities of radioactive sludge and are energy-intensive. To overcome this problem, a method can be employed using nano-adsorbents, such as iron oxide-based materials like magnetite. This research explores the application of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) as a novel approach to remove radi