Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems have become crucial for gathering information for observation, surveillance, mapping, and 3D modeling tasks. The use of UAVs in close and mid-range sectors has shown potential for cost-effective alternatives to traditional aerial photogrammetry conducted by humans. The research aims to optimize photogrammetric processing for drone-based 3D mapping by examining strategies and applications to increase accuracy and efficiency. The study highlights the significance of image overlap and high-quality camera equipment to obtain reliable outcomes for stereo-photogrammetry and depth measurements. Drones and specialized software like 3DF Zephyr and Pix4D were used to create a 3D map. The software uses

     This research aims to determine the nature of the relationships among luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) by using different methods of distance measurement (distance modulus “dm” and luminosity distance “dl”). We used data from the following sources: NASA Extragalactic Database (NED) and the HYPERLEDA database, where this data was used to study the nature of the relationships and the extent to which they relate to each other. The program (statistica-win-program) was employed, which helped us know the strength of the association between the variables. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between dust mass (M_{dust dm} & M_{dust dl)} and luminous

       Let-7b and miRNA-96 are among the dysregulated microRNAs in various diseases. Selected seventy-five male rats were divided into five equal treatment groups and were given 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) by drinking water (50 ppm) for five different drenching periods. To each treatment group, a control group of five males was also assigned. The oral pathological changes were microscopically evaluated thereafter. Histopathological changes indicating dysplasia or frank carcinoma were observed in the fifth treatment group only. Let-7b and miRNA-96 expressions in the tongue tissue and serum were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The fifth treatment group only showed signs of severe and well diffe

The aloe vera (ALV) gel coating solution contains tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenes, saponins, and glycosides. The inhibition growth rates of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis were 63, 58, 65, and 57%, respectively, at a rate of 60.75% for a 5% ALV gel coating solution. It was 66, 63, 70, and 64%, respectively, at a rate of 65.75% for 10% ALV gel coating solution. It was 73, 68, 70, and 66%, respectively, at a rate of 69.25% for 20% ALV gel coating. The weight loss of coated eggplants with sterile distilled water, 5, 10, and 20% ALV gel coating solution was 0.791, 0.714, 0.578, and 0.384%, respectively, during storage for 10 days at

     This study aims to examine the relationship between the flooded areas of the marshes in southern Iraq and their water quality, as well as their relationship with climatic factors such as temperatures and rainfall amounts and their impact on the water discharge into the marshes of southern Iraq in the provinces (Basra, Maysan, and Dhi Qar) through the interpretation of maps with remote sensing tools of the wet cover (water and vegetation), descriptive and quantitative analysis of the flooded areas comparing them with the values of salt concentrations and clarifying the monitoring sites of the water quality and water discharge into the marshes through GIS, as well as the relationship of the wet cover with temperatures, rainfall am

    The study focused on the elemental abundance of two different comets. These comets were observed at an energy range of (100-10000) eV. The X-ray emission spectrum was analyzed and the results showed that comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) from the Oort cloud region (long-period) and comet 9p/Tempel 1 from the Kuiper Belt region (short-period) had the highest abundances of the different elements. The ds9 program used data from NASA's Chandra analysis to show the spectra of these comets and analyze their elements. The results showed that some elements were similar in all comets, such as (Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Neon (Ne), and Silicon (Si)). While others varied from one comet to another, such as (Magnesium (Mg) and Chlorine (Cl)) elements whic

      A total of 1346 hard ticks (863♂ and 483 ♀) infested 104 camels, 60 alive camels with 93.33%  infestation rate and 44 carcasses of camels had 79.54% infestation rate The total infestation rate was 87.5 %.

The current study results revealed ten species of hard ticks family Ixodidae Koch, 1844 related to genus Hyalomma as following: H. dromedarii Koch, 1844, H. schulzii Morel, 1969, H. turanicum Pomerantsev, 1946, H.  excavatum Koch, 1844, H. truncatum Koch, 1844, H. scupense Schulzii, 1919, H. marginatum Koch, 1844, H. anatolicum Koch, 1844, <

    In the current paper, we define some subclasses of holomorphic functions in the open disk  that are defined by the differential operator. These subclasses are defined in the open disk . We make some estimates for the bounds of the Fekete-Szego inequality as well as the coefficients  and  for functions that belong to these subclasses. Also, some of the results of these subclasses have been generalized, particularly those that involve the majorization and quasi-subordination concepts.

      In previous years, most regions of the Middle East suffered from frequent dust storms, Iraq at the top of that where Iraq was classified as the fifth most vulnerable country to climate change according to the Paris Climate Agreement; the frequent dust storms are considered the most prominent effects of climate change, which are a result of lack of rain and drought, and thus desertification and desertification. The storms appear when the winds blow. This research reviews using of space data, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, satellite images), and its two platforms, Terra and Aqua, to monitor storms movement and determine the starting point source using the PCA (Principal Component Analysis algorithm) in ENV

Let Κ be a proper ideal of a commutative ring S. Then Κ is a strongly irreducible (SI)  ideal if for any two ideals C and D of S, C∩D⊆ Κ implies C ⊆ Κ or D ⊆ Κ. We say a ring is strongly irreducible (SI) if all its ideals are strongly irreducible. In this paper some properties of such ring are given. The relations between SI rings and some types of rings are also studied. Furthermore, for an SI ring S we study the S spectrum of S and the S.spec(S)  topology.

    Recently, cloud computing has affected a large part of the computer industry, including software companies and internet service providers. It has proven efficient in managing tasks for applications. Despite its popularity, cloud computing does not meet the requirements of applications because it faces many limitations, such as high latency and bandwidth bottlenecks. These limitations will significantly affect applications sensitive to delays. To meet this challenge, fog computing is introduced as an extension to cloud computing. It improves quality of service (QoS) for applications that suffer from latency by keeping resources and services close to the end-user. How to efficiently and fairly allocate the available resources, e.g.,

       In this paper, the instability of the Carreau fluid was discussed in the asymmetric channel with a porous medium in the presence of a changing magnetic field and rotation. The Carreau fluid behaves like a non-Newtonian fluid, where it was found that the rotation has an effect on the stability of the fluid. Numerical methods are used to solve the equations, such as the perturbation method. Assumptions are used to analyze the flow. The effect of Hartmann number (Ha), Darcy number (Da), material fluid (We), magnetic field (β), capacitance ratio (∅) and rotation are calculated(Ω)Numerical results were calculated using MATHEMATICA program

      We offered and suggested some classes N_(Ω,b,α,γ)^(μ,δ) (ψ,τ,φ) and C_(Ω,b,α,γ)^(μ,δ) (τ,a,ψ,φ)  of bi-univalent functions in the unit disk υ, to apply the effects to the classes through convolution of the operators R_q^δ f(z) and I_(s,a,µ)^λ f(z). Which satisfies the condition quasi-subordination. We got estimates the first two Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients |a_2 |  and |a_3 | by convolution of the operators R_q^δ f(z) and I_(s,a,µ)^λ f(z) .

    Some of the novel algebraic topics explored in this paper, like Permutation         -algebra, permutation edge, permutation -transitive, permutation -ideal, permutation -ideal, and permutation -subalgebra are discussed and looked into. Additionally, permutation -algebra, permutation -morphism, equivalence relation with its congruence classes and quotient permutation -algebras were defined with specific results relating to our unique notions that have been developed and examined.

    The conjugated gradient methods can solve smooth functions with large-scale variables in the specified number of iterations for that they are highly important methods compared to concerning other iterative methods. In this paper, we propose two new conjugate gradient methods, namely the PMDL-1 and PMDL-2. However, for non-smooth functions, which are called conjugate gradient-free derivative methods depending on the projection technique. The two methods give  great results compared to the basic PDL method. Moreover, we provide theorems that prove the global convergence between these two methods.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) provides a set of instruments and techniques to explain and display different geographical data, and ArcGIS Model Builders consider a very beneficial technique to represent these procedures in a very effective and influential manner. This paper indicates that using the ArcGIS tool Model Builder is the preferred technique to display the flux of procedures, in which the model's design is highly preferable to decrease the time consumed to apply any procedure. One model was used to explain the best methodology to resolve the issue, which deals with dust storm detection over Iraq using MODIS data. This study Facilitate Terra and Aqua MODIS satellite images; the first case was Terra / MODIS during the fir

Extremism detection is an important area of natural language processing (NLP). It is used to detect hate speech, sectarianism, and terrorism on social media. This field has been discussed and studied in many international languages, especially Arabic and English, as many studies touched on languages in particular, but dialects were not addressed even though users of social networking sites write in their dialect. One of the most difficult Arabic dialects is the Iraqi dialect. Because the Iraqi dialect has few sources on the Internet regarding available data that can be used by researchers, this research aims to detect extremism in Iraqi texts using machine learning. The data was pre-processed by deleting suffixes and prefixes for Iraqi w

This research aims to study the behavior of solutions of second-order neutral differential equations with periodic coefficients. Some necessary and sufficient conditions have been obtained that classify all solutions of these equations into three categories: either oscillatory, non-oscillatory, and convergent to zero, or non-oscillatory and divergent. The extent to which periodic coefficients influence the occurrence of oscillation, convergence, or divergence for each solution has been explained. The equation under consideration contained a variable delay and a constant delays in which the coefficients are periodic. Not much previous research has discussed the oscillation of solutions of second-order neutral equations with periodic coeff

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) represents one of the most prevalent pathogens responsible for food poisoning because of its capacity for producing staphylococcal enterotoxin. The main goal of this investigation was to determine the presence of S. aureus and evaluate its enterotoxin genes in randomly selected food handlers from different restaurants and cafeterias in Baghdad City, Iraq. A total of 325 nasal swabs were collected from healthy food handlers and examined for the presence of S. aureus and classical enterotoxin genes. The strains were determined using confirmatory biochemical, morphological, and molecular (nuc gene) techniques. Five Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, including

This study aims to determine the ability of glass sand to absorb chromium from aqueous solutions. Glass sand samples were collected from the Rutba Formation (Cenomanian age) in the Western Desert of Iraq. Numerous laboratory experiments were conducted to test the effects of time and concentration on adsorption. For a duration of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 minutes, four initial chromium concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 80) were tested. Glass sand to chromium solution ratio was 2 grams to 30 ml. Total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH values were measured at 30ºC. The equilibrium time is determined as 20 min in most concentrations. The equation of Freundlich showed that the adsorption intensity (n)

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer mortality among females worldwide. The recruitment of less invasive serum protein electrophoresis and serum breast cancer tumor markers as monitoring factors for patient response to therapy is still controversial.

 Hence, the present study aimed to designate serum protein electrophoresis pattern of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carcinoma antigens (CA125  and CA 15-3) as novel biomarkers in monitoring breast cancer patients under and post radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Samples included 23 breast cancer women patients after mastectomy and under or post chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Tumor markers CEA, CA 15-3, and CA 125 were measured by usin

Over two decades, this study analyzes drought trends in Diyala Province, Iraq, and It utilizes remote sensing data and rainfall analysis to evaluate the severity and frequency of drought in 2002, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2022. The research maps drought distributions in Diyala Province using satellite images from Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Landsat 9 and analyzes the vegetation health index (VHI), soil moisture index (SMI), and average rainfall data. Results showed increased drought intensity: severe drought expanded from 48% in 2005 to 50% in 2022, and arid conditions increased from 1.1% in 2002 to 17.1% in 2022, as per SMI. Moreover, rainfall analysis reveals varying patterns, with 2022 experiencing lower average rainfall (4.215 mm) an

The convective heat transfer and nanofluid flow through porous media within the Photovoltaic/Thermal system (PV/T) under maximum air temperatures of 10, 25, and 52 ^οC in Baghdad city were investigated numerically. The PV/T system was filled with porous media and nanofluid, where the porous media consisted of open-cell aluminum foam (6101-T6 alloy) with a pore density of 20 PPI and a porosity of 0.9353-0.92%. The nanofluids were composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles suspended in water and ethylene glycol (EG) with a volume fraction of 1-3 % and a nanoparticle diameter of 25 nm. A high-efficiency solar panel with a thermal collector was used at tilt angles o

An older people's disease known as frailty occurs when an elderly individual exhibits heightened susceptibility to little stimuli. An individual who is feeble experiences limited ability to grasp, an unintended reduction in weight, a feeling of happiness, a sluggish gait, and trouble standing. The detection of frailty phenomenology is one of the greatest developments in geriatric medicine in the past 20 years. Frailty develops into an impairment if left unchecked. Clinical decision support systems are used to help professionals, or physicians, make more informed and complex decisions. Thus, in order to assist the board in providing healthcare effortlessly in controlling the frailty conditions and, usually, to identify the class of acquir

Image steganography involves concealing various forms of information, such as text, images, or videos, within an existing image. The hidden data is embedded in a manner that remains imperceptible to human observers. In this paper, a stego image that successfully hides the secret information and renders it undetectable to others is created by embedding a hidden message into an original image. The secret message may be text (the doctor’s report of the patient’s case) or maybe a secret image (chest x-ray) or encrypted secret image to increase security and guarantee the patient’s privacy. The cover images may be brain, breast, and lung images. An enhanced LSB technique is introduced, incorporating common LSB and conditional MSB, with a

The study seeks to assess the efficacy of utilizing a Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BPANN) as an alternative to conventional methodologies for 2D coordinate transformation. Converting the previously used reference system in Iraq to the global system is one of the main requirements that play a main role in various applications requiring the standardization of geographic referencing for different data, including geospatial applications, remote sensing, image processing, and more. This necessitates researching and finding the most suitable methods to ensure high accuracy in the results. The Karbala 1979 (Clark 1880) of the Iraqi national geodetic network and the Iraqi Geospatial Reference System (IGRS) were currently used as g

A migraine is a neurological disorder that causes severe headaches. Although it is not life-threatening, it greatly affects people's lives. Migraine classification is considered a complicated research area. Early detection and accurate classification help in determining the appropriate care, speeding recovery from the disease, and avoiding its effects. So, developing a migraine classification system is very necessary. The aim of this work is to suggest a migraine classification model based on a stochastic gradient-boosting ensemble algorithm. First, the dataset is pre-processed. Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) is used to balance a migraine dataset that contains seven groups of migraine patients. Twenty-three migraine attributes were extracte

The peduli-lindungi (Care-Protect) application is an official application used by the Indonesian government to monitor crowds of people who are active in closed and public spaces. The purpose of this application is to facilitate actions that can be taken by the government to prevent the spread of COVID-19. One of the actions is user tracing. In this study, an analysis was carried out on data originating from the Peduli-lindungi Application, which is confidential. Some of the data fields used are still protected by the government. To get accurate data analysis results, preprocessing techniques are carried out on Peduli-lindungi data to produce new datasets as observational data material. The results obtained show that 4073 data points wer

In recent years, there has been a growing popularity of autonomous vehicles due to their significant impact on society. One of the key tasks of autonomous vehicles is accurate pedestrian detection, which plays a vital role in preventing accidents. However, accurately detecting and tracking pedestrians under various environmental circumstances poses a significant challenge. In this paper, an efficient model for pedestrian detection is proposed by integrating three modules: You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) for object segmentation, Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) for feature extraction, and Custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for classification and detection. For tracking purposes, a simple online and real-time tracking (SO

Future hydraulic thermal substances made of hybrid nanofluids have a lot of potentials to fulfill the strict applied thermal energy management specifications of cutting-edge heat flux tricks. Due to synergistic thermal effects and general hydrothermal characteristics, it is necessary to examine the enhanced heat-transfer properties of nanofluids based on hybrid nanomaterials in various advances for the thermal management of machines with advanced heat flux. In a variety of corrugated casings filled with water and a  hybrid nanofluid, the effects of a horizontal magnetic field on natural convection heat transfer have been studied. Finite element techniques (FEM) have been employed to solve the generated dimensionless partial differential