This paper proposes a new approach for image data hiding that aims to improve both robustness and imperceptibility. The proposed approach is based on a texture-adaptive quantization index modulation (QIM) method that takes into account the local characteristics of the image texture to optimize the embedding process. The approach is evaluated using various image datasets and compared to existing state-of-the-art techniques. The results show that the proposed approach achieves better performance in terms of robustness against various image processing attacks, with BERs of zero in some attacks, while maintaining a high level of imperceptibility with PSNRs exceeding 46 decibels. It can be deduced that adaptation and normalization

Diabetes mellitus is a globally prevalent disease with several parameters that may be involved in diagnosis or altered throughout disease progression. In this study, 120 patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls were recruited, with ages ranging from 30-65 years old. The research focused on determining levels of Protein Z (PROZ), Laminin Subunit Alpha 2 (LAMA2), Mixed Lineage Leukemia 4 (MLL4), and Plexin Domain Containing 2 (PLXDC2). Participants were divided into four groups: group I (n=30) with long-term metformin treatment, group II (n=30) with short-term metformin treatment, group III (n=30) newly diagnosed without medication, and group IV (n=30) healthy controls. Protein markers were measured by ELISA, while fasting blood

Spontaneous abortion (SA) is a sever disease in which a women losses her foetus usually before 24 weeks of the pregnancy. About 10% -50% of pregnancy cases are run out with SA for reasons related with women's age and health. This condition occurrence may increases if the patient has a history of bacterial vaginosis. This study aimed at the characterization and isolation of vaginal microbiota generally and highlight on commensal bacteria becoming opportunistic when circumstances are favourable. From October to December 2022, about 100 samples were collected, 50 specimens from women with SA and 50 specimens from healthy pregnant outcomes (control). The high vaginal swabs samples were collected from Babylon Teaching Hospital for Maternity a

Engineered nanomaterials are so tiny that they cannot be seen without special equipment; they are found in many industrial products today, consumer products, medicines, and food products. The small size and other properties of nanomaterials can make them very hazardous to human health. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs), or metal oxides, have several advantages compared to other metal oxide nanoparticles because of their properties. Therefore, multiple uses of MgO NPs put human health at risk from prolonged exposure. The study aimed to determine how treatment with oral doses of MgO nanoparticles affects the kidneys of male rats through the oral route at 250 and 1000 mg/kg for 14 days, 28 days, and 56 days, respectively. Sixty mature

Speech separation is crucial for effective speech processing in multi-talker conditions, especially in real-time, low-latency applications. In this study, the Time-Domain Audio Separation Network (TasNet) and Dual-Path Recurrent Neural Network were used to perform a time-domain multiple-speaker speech separation challenge. One-dimensional conventional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are not capable of accurately simulating long sequences. When their receptive length exceeds the sequence field, 1-D CNNs cannot recreate utterance-level sequences. Dual-Path Recurrent Neural Network (DPRNN) breaks up the lengthy sequential input that progressively performs intra- and inter-chunk operations with input lengths proportional to the square root

Microsporum canis is considered one of the filamentous fungi that cause surface fungal contagion in the humans and animals. The present study aimed to diagnose M. canis via the molecular method and differentiating its local Iraqi isolates from global isolates. Microscopic examination showed 55 specimens with M. canis from 130 specimens collected from children aged between 4-10 years suspected of dermatophytes who attended Medical City Laboratories and Baghdad Hospital in Baghdad city from 1/12/2022 to 1/3/2023. The results showed that the frequency of M. canis infections was 55/130 (42.31%). The results demonstrated significant differences in the animals' contact (p <0.0001), lesio

This paper describes a hybrid grayscale compression system based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and a polynomial coding technique for mixing quantization schemes to increase the compression ratio while maintaining quality. The proposed compression system consists of three main steps: first, decomposing an image using a three-level DWT; second, applying the 2-D linear polynomial coding technique to the approximation sub-band; and third, dividing the detailed sub-bands of each level into the Most Significant Value (MSV) and Least Significant Value (LSV), where the former is compressed using iterative scalar uniform quantization and the latter by soft quantization thresholding. For testing the performance of the suggested compressi

The study of the relationship between the coordinates of the sun and the moon with the crescent visibility factors has not been previously treated in a detailed and accurate way in  research and previous studies, despite its religious importance. Accordingly, this paper aims to study the relationship between the crescent visibility factors (age, lag time, elongation (ARCL), arc of vision or relative altitude (ARCV), relative azimuth (DAZ), and crescent width (W), with coordinates of the sun and the moon), and how it varies during the day of the crescent's observation. In this paper, Matlab programs were designed to calculate the ecliptic sun and moon coordinates (λ, β) and in the presence of all perturbation impacts (planets), then co

For the solution of fractional-order two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations (FOTDNSEs), the current work proposes a novel variant of the Laplace Adomian decomposition approach with the Atangana-Baleanu fractional operator in the Caputo sense (ABCFO). In this approach, the solution is considered as a Taylor series expansion that converges rapidly to the exact solution. Only two components are required for the new approximation analytical technique. When compared to other strategies, the current method is very simple, requires less calculation, and is extremely accurate.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the centralizers and the double centralizers in prime and semiprime rings with fulfilling certain identities.

Speech is a signal produced by humans to interact and communicate. Different information is gained from speech signals, such as the language being spoken, emotion, gender, speaker identification, and other information. Speech signals are exposed to different noises, which can be generated at the beginning of the speech or during the transmission. Due to this problem, noise reduction processes are an interesting field in different communication application systems that cultivate the intelligibility and quality of speech signals. It refers to removing or reducing the background noise in order to obtain an improved quality of the original speech signal without distorting the original (clean) signal. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art r

This work aimed to study the degree topology of certain types of graphs namely, the wheel, helm, gear, pan, tadpole, and windmill graphs, respectively. In addition, a new separation axiom known as -space that joins the topological space and paths in the graph is introduced. Also, the relation between -space and the degree-topology of the connected and disconnected graph was stydied. Moreover, many examples were studied in new separation space.

The goal of this research is to define the convergent sequence in A-random approach space and sequentially convergent are discussed and the cluster point, open and closed ball and linear transformation. We are going to explain a new structure of Random approach normed space via Banach space in and discussed all the relations between metric space in this research.

This work is concerned with the synthesis of two types of composites thin films (Sb₂O₃:WO₃ and (Sb₂O₃:In₂O₃) with different concentrations (0.0,0.05,0.1, and 0.15). The prepared thin films are characterized with the use of the X-ray diffraction atomic force microscope AFM and UV-Vis–infrared spectrophotometer. The structural examination shows that both composite's thin films were polycrystalline with nano size with cubic phase as majority and orthorhombic phase as minority phase. The crystal size decreases from 34.6 to 24.7 and 21.7 nm for (Sb₂O₃:WO₃) and (Sb₂O₃:In₂O₃

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the result of a complex interaction between environmental factors and genetic predisposition.

 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a significant environmental risk factor associated with MS. Human- beta defensin 2 (HβD-2) is a crucial innate immune response proteint that as an inflammatory marker protects humans from pathogens invading the body like viruses. Therefore, a case-control study was conducted on 90 subjected (48 patients with MS and 42 healthy controls) to examine the role of HβD-2 in EBV viral load infection and MS patients. An enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay kit was used to measure HβD-2 levels in serum. The viral load of EBV was determined using a real-time PCR. The findings revealed that medi

In recent years, interest in renewable energies has increased due to their clean, renewable, and inexhaustible characteristics. Iraq faces a significant challenge in the shortage of electric power. The green economy, especially in renewable energy, has become one of the world's main pillars, especially after the remarkable rise in greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from fossil fuel combustion for electricity production. This study evaluates wind farm feasibility, assessing costs, revenue, and financial viability. It identifies potential hazards and difficulties, enabling developers to develop strategies to mitigate risks during project creation and operation. This paper aims to undertake a feasibility study to assess the viability of constru

In this study, we introduce a new application to a spectral approach for solving two-dimensional (2D) time-fractional Zakhrov-Kuznetsov equations (TFZKEs) with initial conditions (ICs) and boundary conditions (BCs). When the regular magnetic domain is present, this equation represents a model that illustrates the conduct of weakly nonlinear ionic phonetic waves in a plasma that provides cool ions and an electronically isothermal environment. The fundamental qualifiers of fractional derivatives are characterized in the Caputo concept. We propose a new numerical approach that relies on shifted Chebyshev polynomials (SCPs) as test functions and uniformly grid points for time and space. In the field of fractional calculus, we have to introdu

Ethyl acetate was used to extract bioactive compounds from the fruits of the Iraqi sumac plant Rhus coriaria. This sumac fruit extract was then utilized as a natural reducing agent to convert graphene oxide into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets through a green synthesis method. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the ethyl acetate sumac fruit extract identified phytochemicals that likely facilitated the biosynthesis of the rGO nanosheets. The biosynthesized EERCF-rGO was characterized by using UV-Vis 234 nm. FTIR spectrum was used to know functional groups of EERCF-rGO, XRD spectra of EERCF-rGO displayed sized at 26.91 nm, Raman spectra of EERCF-rGO showed D peak at (1335 cm^-1) and a G peak

COVID-19 is a universal infectious disease recognized first by people with influenza and bacterial pneumonia symptoms in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Currently, a new mutated disease has the same symptoms as COVID-19 and influenza and causes dangerous infections in the body. Due to the fact that these two diseases share some diagnostic features and symptoms in common with one another, healthcare workforces require aid and support in predicting patients' conditions. This was done by using machine learning methods in diagnosis. From this point, this paper proposes a diagnostic model to detect patients' symptoms and classify them into one of five disease groups, utilizing Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) as a feature selection method and the

This study evaluated the corrosion inhibiting properties of natural tannins extracted from gray Avicennia marina bark and Cordia myxa bark for carbon steel alloys. Such alloys are widely used in shipbuilding construction where corrosion poses challenges. Tannin extracts were tested as green inhibitors across varying concentrations in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution, a corrosive medium. Trials were conducted at different temperature parameters to determine the inhibition efficiencies. The amount of hydrogen gas released over time was quantified to compare corrosion rates in the absence and presence of tannin inhibitors. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models for adsorption were also studied, as well as the kinetic

The current study aimed to reveal the biosynthesis technique of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles by using prodigiosin pigment production from Serratia marcescens. One hundred and twenty samples were obtained from burn and wound infections to isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, the optimum conditions for Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles biosynthesis were characterized via different methods, including ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), atomic force microscope (AFM), fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). In particular, spherical shape particles were observed utilizing FE-SEM technique. In addition,

Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are frequent in both public and medical settings. The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of the SEA and SEB genes in S. aureus clinical isolates. A hundred-sixty samples were obtained from several sources including wounds, urine samples, burns and respiratory tract, during period  between October 2022 - January  2023, from Kadhimiya Hospital, Karkh General Hospital and Yarmouk Hospital. The samples were then subjected to several examinations including microscopic examination (gram staining), cultural characteristics on mannitol salt agar, hemolysis characteristic on blood agar   and biochemical tests (oxidase, catalase, and coagula

         Acute renal injury is a serious condition of severe damage to the kidney tissue resulting from various causes. Some medicinal plants have been used to treat certain renal injury. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine the protective effect of Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on kidney function   in rat models with induced kidney damage by Diclofenac sodium (Voltarene®, 50 mg coated tablets). Glycyrrhizic acid was given at doses of 200 and 400  mg/kg/day orally for 30  days. Its protective effect was evaluated by renal function tests . The result showed significant decreased the elevation of urea  , 

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by chronic high blood sugar levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Prolonged high blood glucose can increase production of reactive oxygen species, leading to elevated oxidative stress. The enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1), made in the liver and transported on high-density lipoprotein (HDL), acts as an antioxidant and can counter oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare PON1 activity between healthy controls, obese type 2 diabetics, and non-obese type 2 diabetics. There were 30 healthy controls, 30 obese type 2 diabetics (group I), and 30 non-obese type. Additionally, fasting lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, uric acid, albumin, and total bilirubin l

This study was conducted to evaluate the bacterial contamination in drinking water tanks from 20 randomly distributed primary schools in Habbaniyah district. The most probable number and the total plate count methods were used to determine the numbers of coliform, fecal coliform, streptococci and fecal streptococci. Chemical and physical properties of the water were measured, including residual chlorine, total dissolved solids, temperature and pH. Biochemical methods were used to detect various bacterial species contaminating the water samples and the results were confirmed using the VITEK 2 compact system. High levels of bacterial contamination were indicated. The highest value of coliform numbers reached 12 cells/100 ml. The total plat

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) represents the most prevalent kind of thyroid gland cancer, making up around 80% of all occurrences of thyroid cancer. Evidence shows that Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) expression is lost in a number of benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms, although its expression profile in thyroid gland neoplasms is yet unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess SDC-1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients, as well as the relationship between age and gender and SDC-1 expression. To undertake a detailed investigation of SDC-1 in normal and malignant tissues, tissue sections were used to examine SDC-1 expression in 70 tissue samples, 50 distinct PTC (6 males and 44 females) and 20 normal tissue types (

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between HLA-G gene SNPs in exons 2 and 8 and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Blood samples from 100 patients, categorized into pre- and post-radioactive therapy groups, and 50 healthy subjects were analyzed via PCR and direct sequencing for allele and genotype frequencies. PTC was eight times more prevalent in women. Thyroid assessment hormones exhibited reduced T3 levels pre- and post-radioactive iodine therapy and increased T4 levels post-therapy (49.80 ng/ml vs. control 16.84 ng/ml). Notably, TSH levels significantly decreased before and after therapy in PTC patients versus controls (P = 0.005). HLA-G gene SNPs were linked to PTC risk: in exon 2, genotype AA posed risk (OR = 1

Clustering Organizing items into groups based on their properties such that the items in the same group are similar and those in other groups are distinct is known as clustering and is one method of unsupervised learning. The primary benefit of clustering is that, with little or no prior information, fascinating patterns and structures can be discovered directly from very large data sets. The most representative algorithms, the K-Means algorithm, the nearest neighbor algorithm, and Lloyd's algorithm, were explored and evaluated in this study based on their basic strategies. The proposed algorithms proved highly efficient in classifying data, as k-means results were high by creating data points and classifying that data into 10 groups, wh

This study focused on the eco-friendly and economical synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles at certain temperatures using myrtle leaf extract. Green synthesis methods are mostly considered to be safe and efficient in the nanoparticle synthesis field. The nanoparticles were characterized using FT-IR, AFM, UV-visible spectrophotometer, FESEM with EDX, and XRD. where the crystal size in XRD was 21.4 nm. The antibacterial properties of CuS nanoparticles were evaluated against two bacterial strains, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, using various concentrations. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined for both bacteria at a range of CuS NPs conc. from 0.5229 × 10

Geophysics is one of the branches of Earth sciences and deals with studying the Earth's interior by studying the variation of physical properties within rock layers. Applied geophysics depends on procedures that involve the measurements of potential fields, such as the gravitational method. One of the significant oil fields in southern Iraq is represented by the Nahr Omar structure. A power spectrum analysis (SPA) technique was used to collect gravity data within the chosen oil field area in order to confirm the salt dome in the subsurface layers. The analysis of SPA resulted from six surfaces representing the gravity variation values of the depths (m)14300, 3780, 3290, 2170, 810, and 93.5. Gravity surfaces have been converted to density