A characteristic study of a passively Q-switched diode pumped solid state laser system is presented in this work. For laser a comparison study for the theoretically calculated results with a simulation results using a software which calculates the Q-switched solid state laser parameters was such as energy, peak power and pulse width were performed. There was a good agreement between our theoretical calculations and the simulation values.

Preparation of identical independent photons is the core of many quantum applications such as entanglement swapping and entangling process. In this work, Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment was performed to evaluate the degree of indistinguishability between independent photons generated from two independent weak coherent sources working at 640 nm. The visibility was 46%, close to the theoretical limit of 50%. The implemented setup can be adopted in quantum key distribution experiments carried out with free space as the channel link, as all the devices and components used are operative in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Dental caries (tooth decay) is one of the most prevalent infectious disease and although of multifactorial origin, Streptococcus mutans is considered the principal pathogen in its development (i.e. bacterial processes damage hard tooth structure (enamel, dentine and cementum), producing dental cavities (holes in the teeth). The bactericidal properties of the Nd:YAG laser has been researched analyzing its use in caries prevention and bacterial reduction. One hundred twenty five samples were collected from carious teeth and isolated bacteria were diagnosed using microscopic examination, culture, biochemical tests, and Api 20 strep system. The results of this study showed that a noticeable decrease in the viability of Streptococcus mutans w

The Er, Cr: YSGG laser has emerged as a promising tool for safe and precise bone ablation in dental and maxillofacial procedures. This ex vivo study aimed to optimize the laser parameters to achieve efficient bone cutting with minimal thermal side effects.
Method: This ex vivo study aimed to evaluate the histological effects of varying ER, Cr: YSGG laser parameters on bone incision quality. Mandibular bone samples were collected from three freshly slaughtered sheep and sectioned into six blocks. Osteotomies were performed using an ER, Cr: YSGG laser (2780 nm, Waterlase iPlus) at six different power-frequency combinations (2.5W/20Hz, 4W/20Hz, 6W/20Hz, 4W/30Hz, 6W/30Hz, and 8W/30Hz). Each specimen was irradiated in contact mode for 25

Laser assisted skin wound closure offers many distinct advantages over conventional closure
techniques. The objective of this in vitro experimental study, carried out at the Institute of Laser for
Postgraduate Studies/Baghdad University, was to determine the effectiveness of 980 nm diode laser in
welding of human skin wounds. Multiple 3-4 cm long full thickness incisions in a specimen of human
skin obtained from the discarded panniculus of an Abdominoplasty operation were tried to be laser
welded using a 4 mm spot diameter laser beam from a 980 nm diode laser at different laser parameters
and modes of action. The tensile strength at the weld site was analyzed experimentally. Although laser
assisted wound welding did

The main goal of this in vivo study was to evaluate the effect of 532nm Q-switched Nd: YAG Laser in combination with Human Serum Albumin 20% concentration (as a welding aid) on the liver tissue repair clinically, and histologically. The animals used in this study were 21 male rabbits divided into three main groups: control group (3 rabbits), conventionally treated group (9 rabbits) and Laser treated group (9 rabbits). Each two main groups (conventional and laser treated) consist of three sub-groups depending on the response evaluation at three different periods. The Laser group was treated using 532nm Q-switched Nd: YAG laser after adding human serum albumin immediately on the incised liver’s tissue. The energy of was 460mJ, and 4Hz fr

Spider veins are a common aesthetic problem mainly in females , the conventional method of treatment is by microsclerotherapy (injections) but laser therapy has become increasingly efficacious and a convenient method for treatment. The present study was performed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of pulsed diode laser (810nm) by doing thermal photocoagulation. Ten patients with lower limbs spider veins were included in this prospective study. They were treated with a repetitive pulsed diode laser in non contact technique using the following laser parameters (wave length 810nm,power 1 W ,pulse duration 0.1 s., pulse interval 0.5 s, spot diameter 4mm ,power density 7.9 W/cm2). Laser therapy was performed on day zero and day fourt

Two samples of (Ag NPs-zeolite) nanocomposite thin films have been prepared by easy hydrothermal method for 4 hours and 8 hours inside the hydrothermal autoclave at temperatures of 100°C. The two samples were used in a photoelectrochemical cell as a photocatalyst inside a cell consisting of three electrodes: the working electrode photoanode (AgNPs-zeolite), platinum as a cathode electrode, and Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode, to study the performance of AgNPs-zeolite under dark current and 473 nm laser light for water splitting. The results show the high performance of an eight-hour sample with high crystallinity compared with a four-hour sample as a reliable photocatalyst to generate hydrogen for renewable energies.

Focusing of Gaussian laser beam through nonlinear media can induce spatial self- phase modulation which forms a far field intensity pattern of concentric rings. The nonlinear refractive index change of material depends on the number of pattern rings. In this paper, a formation of tunable nonlinear refractive index change of hybrid functionalized carbon nanotubes/silver nanoparticles acetone suspensions (F-MWCNTs/Ag-NPs) at weight mixing ratio of 1:3 and volume fraction of 6x10-6 , 9x10-6 , and 18x10-6 using laser beam at wavelength of 473nm was investigated experimentally. The results showed that tunable nonlinear refractive indices were obtained and increasing of incident laser power density led to increase the nonlinear refractive inde

Nonlinear diffraction patterns can be obtained by focusing a laser beam through a thin slice of the material. Here, we investigated experimentally the formation of the far field nonlinear diffraction patterns of cw laser beam at 532 nm passing through a quartz cuvette containing multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT's) suspended in acetone and in DI water at concentrations of 0.030.wt.%, 0.045 wt.%, 0.060 wt.%, and 0.075 wt.%. Our results show that increasing the concentration of both types of suspensions (MWCNTs in acetone and MWCNTs DI water) led to increase in the number of pattern rings which indicates an increase in their nonlinear refractive indices. Moreover, MWCNTs DI water suspension at a concentration of 0.075 wt. % was more effic

This paper presents a method of designing and constructing a system capable of acquiring
the third dimension and reconstructs a 3D shape for an object from multi images of that object using
the principle of active optical triangulation. The system consists of an illumination source, a photo
detector, a movement mechanism and a PC, which is working as a controlling unit for the hard ware
components and as an image processing unit for the object multi view raw images which must be
processed to extract the third dimension. The result showed that the optical triangulation method
provides a rapid mean for obtaining accurate and quantitative distance measurements. The final
result's analysis refers to the necessity of usin

Abstract: Reflection optical fibre Humidity sensor is presented in this work, which is based on no core fibre prepared by splicing a segment of no core fibre (NCF) at different lengths 1-6 cm with fixed diameter 125 µm and a single mode fibre (SMF). The range of humidity inside the chamber is controlled from 30% to 90% RH at temperature ~ 30 °С. The experimental result shows that the resonant wavelength dip shift decreases linearly with an increment of RH% and the sensitivity of the sensor increased linearly with an increasing in the length of NCF. However, a high sensitivity 716.07pm/RH% is obtained at length 5cm with good stability and reputability.  Furthermore, the sensor is shif

spider veins are clusters of Ectatic venules & are common finding on the lower limbs generally believed to be caused by multiple factors, including genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, gravity, occupation, pregnancy, becoming increasingly apparent with age, and trauma. Therapeutic options include sclerotherapy, surgical procedures, and treatment with different laser systems.

 Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of long pulsed (Nd:YAG) laser emitting at 1064nm in the treatment of spider veins.

Patients, Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done in the laser medicine research clinics of the Institute of las

Background: Pilonidal sinus is a recurrence pathology that affects the gluteal area, cleft part of it.  It affects many parts but mainly the sacral area and may present with various forms; from the asymptomatic cyst to severe infection in a form of painful abscess or sinus. The treatment of pilonidal sinus ranges from observation with good hygiene to excision of the sinus left wide incision. Recurrence may follow the excisional procedure and may need more operations. Many conservative ways had been used for the management of the sinus; laser (phototherapy) is one kind that may use. this paper aims to test the efficiency of the laser (diode 980nm) in the treatment of the sinus. material:

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a complex group of conditions impacting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles, leading to pain, reduced jaw mobility, and other debilitating symptoms. These conditions often result from multifactorial causes, including malocclusion, trauma, stress, and parafunctional habits. Effective treatment is challenging, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches.
Aim: This study compares the efficacy of two low-level laser therapy (LLLT) modalities with wavelengths of 635 nm and 980 nm in managing TMD symptoms. The goal is to determine which wavelength provides superior short-term and long-term therapeutic outcomes in pain relief, imp

In this paper, simulation study of the frequency shift of photonic bandgaps due to refractive index scaling using liquids filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers is presented. Different liquids (distilled water, n-hexane, methanol, ethanol and acetone) are used to fill the cladding of 2 types of hollow core photonic crystal fibers (HC19-1060, HC7-1060). These liquids are used to change the effective index scaling and index contrast of the cladding. The effect of increasing temperature of the liquid (20-100 0C for water and 20-70 0C for other liquids ) infiltrated hollow core fiber on the bandgap width and transmission properties has been computed. The maximum photonic bandgap width at 0.0243 has appeared with filling HC7-1060 PCF with

The present work was done in an attempt to build systematic procedures for treating warts by 810 nm diode laser regarding dose parameters, application parameters and laser safety. The study was done in Al- Kindy Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq during the period from 1st October 2003 till 1st April 2004. Fifteen patients completed the treatment and they were followed for the period of 3 months. Recalcitrant and extensive warts were selected for the study. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups to be treated by different laser powers 9, 12 and 15 W, power density of 286 W/cm2, 381W/cm2, 477 W/cm2 pulse duration of 0.2 s, interval of 0.2 s and repeated pulses were used. The mode of application was either circular or radial. Pain oc

In this work, an optical fiber sensor was developed for magnetic field detection. Singlemode
and multi-mode fibers were used based on two main processes: chemical etching using
hydrofluoric acid (HF) and coating with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The nanoparticle layer was deposited using
pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with an Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm and 70
pulses, achieving a thickness of 49.4 nm in the sensing region. This work demonstrates the use of Fe3O4
nanoparticles in the coating process through two different techniques within the optical fiber system. In
the first technique, the nanoparticles were deposited as a solid coating via pulsed laser deposition (PLD),
achieving a thickn

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films have been fabricated on glass substrates via the spin-coating method,
followed by thermal annealing at 100°C, 150°C, and 200°C. Optical studies indicated that the deposited films
possess high transparency in the visible and near-infrared regions, with transmittance values reaching approximately
75%. The films exhibited a direct optical band gap, which showed a gradual decrease from 2.2 eV to 1.6 eV as the
annealing temperature increased. Additionally, increasing the annealing temperature resulted in noticeable
improvements in film homogeneity and crystallinity. These findings underscore the crucial role of thermal annealing
in modulating the optical properties of CdS thin

Laser direct energy deposition (LDED) was employed to fabricate low-carbon stainless steel 316L and
to evaluate the influence of processing parameters on porosity, relative density, and microhardness. A fiber laser
system operating at 1070 nm (YLS-3000-CUT, IPG ABB) was used. The spot size was 1.2 mm, the powder feed
rate was 9.5 g/min, the layer thickness was 0.2 mm, the carrier gas flow rate was 7.5 L/min, and the shielding gas
flow rate was 25 L/min. Laser power (420, 600, and 800 W) and scan speed (20, 25, and 30 mm/s) were
systematically varied, producing nine samples with linear energy densities between 14 and 40 J/mm and volumetric
energy densities from 59 to 167 J/mm³. Microstructural features and p

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to investigate the plasma
generated from a silver target by the Nd:YAG laser system at a wavelength of 1064 nm. The plasma was
produced at different laser pulse energies (500, 600, 700, and 800 mJ) to study the effect of laser energy
on plasma parameters. The electron temperature (Te) was determined using the Boltzmann plot method,
while the electron density (ne) was calculated using Stark broadening of the spectral lines. Moreover,
other plasma parameters such as plasma frequency (fp), Debye length (λD), and Debye number (ND) have
been evaluated. The results showed that the electron density increased from 3.11×10¹⁷ cm⁻³ to 5.32×10¹⁷

Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) films exhibit strong absorption as well as chemical stability against
visible light and hence are attractive organic semiconductors for an optoelectronic device. In the present work, we
have studied the influence of 650 nm laser irradiation on the 478.4 nm Cupc thin film and recorded its
photodetector behavior. X-ray diffraction analysis showed increased crystallinity of laser-treated samples, in which
the crystallite size enhanced from 30.48 to 39.03 nm with diminished microstrains. The average grain size increased
from 35.77 nm to 95.19 nm, while the surface roughness decreased as observed by an atomic force microscope
(AFM), evidencing a remarkable grain growth and surface smo

In this study, Ti6Al4V alloy was exposed to a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1064 nm, 6 Hz
repetition rate, 10 ns pulse duration, and 4 mm spot size) with energies of (280-460) mJ. This process is referred to as
laser surface modification (LSM). The effect of laser energy on crystalline structure, surface wettability, hardness,
and topography was systematically evaluated using appropriate measurement techniques such as (XRD, contact angle,
Vickers micro hardness tester, SEM). Significant increases were observed in hardness and wettability during the
decrease in the contact angle and along with an enhancement in other surface properties.

Oral pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign but very vascular lesion that causes discomfort and bleeding.
Conventional surgical excision is effective but has a high recurrence rate and postoperative pain. Diode laser
excision is a less invasive procedure that offers precise tissue removal and better hemostasis. Our Objective is to
evaluate the safety and efficacy of diode laser excision for the treatment of oral pyogenic granuloma. A total of
sixteen patients (mean age 39.3; age range 15 - 74 years; 11 males and 5 females) with de novo oral PG were
enrolled and all lesions were removed under local anesthesia using a continuous 1.5 W 980 nm diode laser with
minimal bleeding, without the need for sutures and a 0.

Laser scribing of the front-layer metal contact in thin-film silicon solar cell is one method that
enhances optical absorption through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) induced at the laser-scribed
gold nano-grooves. A new approach investigates both the plasmonic effect and increasing the absorption of the
gold via laser scribing to improve the cell performance. A 3D ultra- thin film silicon solar cell (dimensions of
400 × 400 × 900 nm3 for width, length, and height) was designed, with a 50 nm thick gold front contact scribed
at groove depths of 10, 20, 30, and 40 nm (fixed width of 100 nm). COMSOL Multiphysics software version
6.2, using the finite element method (FEM), was employed to design and

This study investigates the structural and optical properties of Fe-doped (CuO: ZnO) thin films with varying Fe contents (x = 0.1–0.5%) deposited on glass substrates via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at ambient temperature under a vacuum of 1 × 10⁻² mbar. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that all films maintained a monoclinic polycrystalline structure, with grain size decreasing with increasing Fe concentration. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) verified the successful incorporation of Fe without altering the Cu and Zn composition. Increasing Fe concentration significantly affected the optical transmission, absorption, refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), and dielectric constants, demonstrating that Fe doping

The simulation of passively Q-switching is four non – linear first order differential equations. The optimization of passively Q-switching simulation was carried out using the constrained Rosenbrock technique. The maximization option in this technique was utilized to the fourth equation as an objective function; the parameters, γa, γc and β as were dealt with as decision variables. A FORTRAN program was written to determine the optimum values of the decision variables through the simulation of the four coupled equations, for ruby laser Q–switched by Dy +2: CaF2.For different Dy +2:CaF2 molecules number, the values of decision variables was predicted using our written program. The relaxation time of Dy +2: CaF2, used with ruby was