Objectives: This study aims to detect the penetration of the AH Plus sealer in the coronal third using a pulsed (Er, Cr: YSGG) laser with a short pulse duration when the SWEEPS was used to activate irrigation (Shock wave Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming). Methods: A total of 28 single-rooted mandibular premolars. The laser used is pulsed Er, Cr: YSGG assisted by the SWEEPS technique. There are four groups of samples (n = 7) for each: Group 1: Traditional syringe irrigation using 5 mL of 17% EDTA. Group 2: passive ultrasonic irrigation using mL of 17% EDTA. Group 3: Er, Cr: YSGG laser-induced SWEEPS using 5 mL of 17% EDTA. Group 4: Er, Cr: YSGG laser-induced SWEEPS using 5 mL of 5.25% NaOCl and 5

This work examines the beam squint effects of quantum-based carbon nanotube (CNT) antenna arrays for optical plasmonic communication systems functioning within the 300 THz to 700 THz frequency spectrum. The distinctive quantum confinement characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), together with surface plasmon polariton (SPP) interactions, result in notable frequency-dependent phase shifts, causing beam squint errors in phased array systems. Simulation findings indicate that at 300 THz, a CNT array with an inter-element spacing of λ/2 (500 nm) has a beam squint of 0.2° per 100 THz bandwidth. As the frequency ascends to 700 THz, the beam squint effect amplifies, reaching 0.8° per 100 THz as a result of heightened plasmonic dispersion

The hole transport layers are critical components of organic conductor-based devices. The metal nanoparticles (NPs) are excellent materials for this purpose. This paper describes the preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using a laser method, which were then mixed with the organic polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) at different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 0.4 wt%). The structural morphology, structure, and optical properties of the new nanocomposite were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The XRD data showed that the created Ag NPs have a crystal structure, with the strongest peaks seen at angles of 38.1°, 44.3°

In this study, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to analyze the plasma generated from a Zn:Cu alloy (x = 0.9) using a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. Plasma was generated at different laser pulse energies ranging from 400 to 800 mJ. The electron temperature (Te) was determined using the Boltzmann plot method, while the electron number density (ne) was calculated using Stark broadening. Other plasma parameters were also evaluated, including plasma frequency (fp), Debye length (λD), and Debye number (Nd). The results showed that Te increased from 0.846 eV at 400 mJ to 0.906 eV at 800 mJ, and ne increased from 1.000 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³ to 1.121 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³. Plasma frequency increased from 898.000 × 1010 Hz to 950,868 ×

Background: Pilonidal sinus is a recurrence pathology that affects the gluteal area, cleft part of it.  It affects many parts but mainly the sacral area and may present with various forms; from the asymptomatic cyst to severe infection in a form of painful abscess or sinus. The treatment of pilonidal sinus ranges from observation with good hygiene to excision of the sinus left wide incision. Recurrence may follow the excisional procedure and may need more operations. Many conservative ways had been used for the management of the sinus; laser (phototherapy) is one kind that may use. this paper aims to test the efficiency of the laser (diode 980nm) in the treatment of the sinus. material:

                                                                                                                الحاجة الى مصادر الفوتون المنفرد في منظومات توزيع المفتاح الكمي ادت الى استخدام النبضات الضعيفة المتشاكهة والتي لها توزيع بواسون. لكي يتم منع هجمات التنصت, يجب الحفاظ على معدل لعدد فوتونات قليل ومعروف للشركاء الموثوقين.عدا ذلك فأن قيمة معدل عدد الفوتونات لا يمكن ايجادها بدق

Background: preparation of root canals is an important step in root canal treatment. Mechanical instrumentation of root canals cause an irregular layer of debris, known as the smear layer. As a result, several studies reported that preferring the removal of the smear layer. Objective: To study the influence of the energy (100 mJ) of Erbium, Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser at short pulse duration (60 μs)  on smear layer removal of apical third after using Photon induced photoacoustic streaming technique. Materials and methods: Eighteen straight single-rooted mandibular premolars were used. The roots length were uniform to 14mm from the anatomic apex and

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a complex group of conditions impacting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles, leading to pain, reduced jaw mobility, and other debilitating symptoms. These conditions often result from multifactorial causes, including malocclusion, trauma, stress, and parafunctional habits. Effective treatment is challenging, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches.
Aim: This study compares the efficacy of two low-level laser therapy (LLLT) modalities with wavelengths of 635 nm and 980 nm in managing TMD symptoms. The goal is to determine which wavelength provides superior short-term and long-term therapeutic outcomes in pain relief, imp

The simulation of passively Q-switching is four non – linear first order differential equations. The optimization of passively Q-switching simulation was carried out using the constrained Rosenbrock technique. The maximization option in this technique was utilized to the fourth equation as an objective function; the parameters, γa, γc and β as were dealt with as decision variables. A FORTRAN program was written to determine the optimum values of the decision variables through the simulation of the four coupled equations, for ruby laser Q–switched by Dy +2: CaF2.For different Dy +2:CaF2 molecules number, the values of decision variables was predicted using our written program. The relaxation time of Dy +2: CaF2, used with ruby was

Background: Pyogenic granuloma is a hyperplastic benign tumor. The most common intra-oral site is marginal gingiva. It is often occurred in the second decade of life, it has a strong tendency to recur after simple excision.

The aim of study: to evaluate the therapeutic advantages of diode laser (810-980 nm) in intraoral Pyogenic granuloma management.

Materials and method: A total of 28 patients (14 men and 14 females) were enrolled in this study and had their pyogenic granuloma surgically removed using a diode laser. All of the patients were given local anesthetic and went through the identical surgical procedure (cartridge containing 1 percent lidocaine with epinephrine 1:

Abstract: The use of indirect, all-ceramic restorations has grown in popularity among dentists. Studies have demonstrated that for indirect ceramic restorations to be effective over time, cement and ceramic must be bonded in a stable manner. Chemical, mechanical, and laser irradiation are among the methods used to precondition ceramic surfaces in order to increase bond strength.The objective of the study: This study was performed to investigate the roughness values and surface topography of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic treated with conventional methods and different Er,Cr:YSGG, and fractional CO₂ laser conditioning parameters.Material and methods:<

The present work was done in an attempt to build systematic procedures for treating warts by 810 nm diode laser regarding dose parameters, application parameters and laser safety. The study was done in Al- Kindy Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq during the period from 1st October 2003 till 1st April 2004. Fifteen patients completed the treatment and they were followed for the period of 3 months. Recalcitrant and extensive warts were selected for the study. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups to be treated by different laser powers 9, 12 and 15 W, power density of 286 W/cm2, 381W/cm2, 477 W/cm2 pulse duration of 0.2 s, interval of 0.2 s and repeated pulses were used. The mode of application was either circular or radial. Pain oc

In this paper, simulation study of the frequency shift of photonic bandgaps due to refractive index scaling using liquids filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers is presented. Different liquids (distilled water, n-hexane, methanol, ethanol and acetone) are used to fill the cladding of 2 types of hollow core photonic crystal fibers (HC19-1060, HC7-1060). These liquids are used to change the effective index scaling and index contrast of the cladding. The effect of increasing temperature of the liquid (20-100 0C for water and 20-70 0C for other liquids ) infiltrated hollow core fiber on the bandgap width and transmission properties has been computed. The maximum photonic bandgap width at 0.0243 has appeared with filling HC7-1060 PCF with

Abstract: Despite the distinct features of the continuous wave (CW) Terahertz (THz) emitter using photomixing technique, it suffers from the relatively low radiation output power. Therefore, one of effective ways to improve the photomixer emitter performance was using nanodimensions electrodes inside the optical active region of the device. Due to the nanodimension sizes and good electrical conductivity of silver nanowires (Ag-NWs), they have been exploited as THz emitter electrodes. The excited surface plasmon polariton waves (SPPs) on the surface of nanowire enhances the incident excitation signal. Therefore, the photomixer based Ag-NW compared to conventional one significantly exhibits higher THz output signal. In thi

Abstract Background: Crown lengthening is a surgical procedure that apically positions the gingival edge and/or removes supporting bone in order to increase the amount of supra gingival tooth structure for restorative or cosmetic purposes.

The objective of the study: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the 940nm diode laser in esthetic crown lengthening surgery through clinical observations, patient questionnaires, clinical photographs, and gingival healing following gingival operations. Material and methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 16 patients (11 females and 5 males) had their crowns surgically lengthened using a diode laser (940 nm) in continuou

In this work, the finite element analysis of moving coordinates has been used to study the thermal behavior of the tissue subjected to both continuous wave and pulsed CO2 laser. The results are compared with previously published data, and a good agreement has been found, which verifies the implemented theory. Some conclusions are obtained; As pulse width decreases, or repetition rate increases, or fluence increases then the char depth is decreased which can be explained by an increase in induced energy or its rate, which increases the ablation rate, leading to a decrease in char depth. Thus: An increase in the fluence or decreasing pulse width or increasing repetition rate will increase ablation rate, which will increase the depth of cut

Abstract: Polarization beam splitter (PBS) integrated waveguides are the key components in the receiver of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. Their function is to analyze the polarization of polarized light and separate the transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarizations into different waveguides. In this paper, a performance study of polarization beam splitters based on horizontal slot waveguide has been investigated for a wavelength of . PBS based on horizontal slot waveguide structure shows a polarization extinction ratio for quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes larger than  with insertion loss below  and a bandwidth of . Also, the fabrication tolerance of the structure is analyzed.<

This article showcases the development and utilization of a side-polished fiber optic sensor that can identify altered refractive index levels within a glucose solution through the investigation of the surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. The aim was to enhance efficiency by means of the placement of a 50 nm-thick layer of gold at the D-shape fiber sensing area. The detector was fabricated by utilizing a silica optical fiber (SOF), which underwent a cladding stripping process that resulted in three distinct lengths, followed by a polishing method to remove a portion of the fiber diameter and produce a cross-sectional D-shape. During experimentation with glucose solution, the side-polished fiber optic sensor revealed an adept detection