Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a nutritious vegetable that grown all over the world. It is a promising herbal plant, rich in bioactive components. It is considered as medicinal plant due to its nutritional and phytochemical composition, especially high proportion of phenolic compounds. The primary aim of this study was to achieve chemical profile analyses of artichoke for different phytochemcials, especially Scolymoside and Cynaroside. Methanolic crude was extracted from Artichoke leaves by rotary evaporator and separated by column chromatography. The fractions monitored by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and identified in High-Pressure Liquid Chroma

This study was aimed to investigate the genetic variability of 26 rice genotypes and evaluation at two locations in Sulaimani governorate, Gaba and Chawtan which were completely different in their environmental condition during the season of 2019. The performances of the genotypes were analyzed at both locations as well as the average of both. Simple coefficients of correlation were used to assess the grain yield components and their relationships. Path analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of such components on grain yield plant^-1. The genotypes were grouped based on the agro-morphological features using cluster analysis. Almost all of the traits at both locat

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important crops belong to the leguminous family native to East Asia. Chemical fertilizers are widely used to increase production in quantity and quality. As a result of the harmful effects caused by chemical fertilizers, it become necessary to find alternative solutions as sustainable approach toward supply plant by elements needs such as biofertilizers. In this study, Bradyrhizobium japonicum alone or in combination of microorganism inoculation included (B. japonicum, Bacillus subtilis, Glomus mosseae, and Anabaena azollae) were tested toward soybean growth parameters under open field condition. Results showed that there is a signif

This study was established to investigate the ability of the sunflower callus plant (Helianthus annuus L.) to tolerate salinity stress for two levels of NaCl (0 and 80 mM), three concentrations of IAA (0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l^-1), and BAP (0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l^-1) in lab conditions. Calli cultures were induced from the cotyledon of H. annuus L. cultured in an appropriate combination of growth regulators 2,4-D and kintein. The salinity results exhibited negative effects in most of the study indications, which can be revealed by a significant increase in sodium content (Na⁺), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂

Experiment of  half diallel cross  among eight maize inbred lines was carried out during spring 2021.The varietal traits for F1 cross and parents with local hybrid were conducted during autumn 2021 Field of  College of Agricultural  Engineering  Sciences , University of Duhok, using Randomized  Complete  Block  Design with three replications .The results were revealed that the analysis of variance for genotypes and general and specific combining ability were significant effect on  studied traits , also the ratio of degree  of  dominance is  less  then one for all traits . The cross 7x8  gave the  heighest  value ( 219.35g)   for grain yield

This study was aimed  to investigate the potential of cellulose gum as a substitute for fat in Mozzarella cheese production and evaluate its impact on the cheese's physicochemical, rheological, and sensory properties. Cellulose gum was added in different ratios of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%, revealing treatments  A₁, A₂, A₃, A_4, and A₅ to skimmed milk, respectively. As well as the positive control treatment C+ manufactured from whole milk, there is a negative control treatment C- made from skimmed milk without cellulose gum. After processing, several tests were conducted to determine the quality of the product. Chemical tests were carried out to measure moisture,

The current study was aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on Alloxan (120mg/kg of body weight) induced diabetes in mice as well as characterize the chemical composition and phytochemical content of grape seeds from three grape cultivars (Ahmer, Halawani, and Kamali) grown in Iraq as well as pomace. Ahmer gave the highest values for crude fat14.84±0.2 and phytochemicals (tannins, saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, and anthocyanin) as compared to other cultivars. phytochemical analysis using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that the highest concentration of proanthocyanidins polymers (catechine, procyanidin, and epicatechine) was recorde

The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility of titanium oxide nanoparticles to enhance the production of both prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens and phenazine by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover; the poor non-selective nutrient broth was used instead of using the selective nutrient broth for the production of both compounds to reduce the economic cost for production. Different concentrations of titanium oxide nanoparticles (0.005, 0.01, 0.015 mg/L) were used in this study to choose the most suitable concentrations to increase production. Both prodigiosin and phenazine were considered promising drugs for t

 This study was aimed to estimate the effects of women age on oocytes quantity and quality and to determine whether there is a correlation between serum and follicular hormone levels. The samples were collected in the higher institute for the diagnosis of infertility and assisted reproduction techniques, Baghdad, Iraq. The 60 participants were split into two age groups, G1involved women younger than 35, while G2 involved women older than 35 years of age. The levels of FSH, LH, AMH, and GH in the serum and follicular fluid (FF) could be measured using (ELISA). The results demonstrated differences in the serum levels of FSH, LH, AMH, and GH between the young and elderly groups of infertile women on the day of

This study was aimed to test the relationship between the unemployment rate and agricultural growth rates in the agricultural sector of Iraq according to Okun's Law for the period 1998-2019. The differences and gap versions of Okun's Law for the relationship was conducted, Alongside with Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter to find the potential production and the Baxter-King (BK) filter to find the trend of unemployment for the agricultural sector, and then to find production and unemployment gaps. Bootstrapping method was used to generate data because the lack of data and Augmented ARDL to identify the cointegration. The result of independent-F test at the level was insignificant with a value of 1.49 for the differences model,

This study aimed to identify the pollution extent in the Tigris River within Baghdad city by applying the Overall index of Pollution (OIP). Monthly water samples were collected from five sites along the Tigris River during the wet and dry seasons of 2020-2021. Eleven parameters were selected to conduct the study; Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Total Hardness, Fluoride, Nitrate, Sulfate, Biochemical oxygen demand, and Total Coliform. The OIP ranges from 2.46 to 1.96 in the dry season and 2.02 to 1.91 in the wet season. Results revealed that Tigris River water is categorized from slightly polluted to acceptable according to OIP classification. The current study's finding lies in

REFERENCES

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2. Al-Chalabi, F. 2003. 'Biological response to wheat as control of the weeds diclofop-mathy herbicide alternating with the herbicide 2.4-D and the effect in the bio', Iraqi Agric. Sci., 24(1), 84-110
3. Al-Chalabi, F. T. and H. S. M. Al-Agidi, 2010. 'weed compettetion effect on wheat cultivares and its impact on growth characterstics ', Anbar journal od agricultural sciences 8(4), : 12
4. Ali, K. A., M. H. Qadir, S. O.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of elastin hydrolysates extracted from bovine skin on the chemical composition and some indicators of oxidation in minced beef stored in refrigeration at a temperature of 2 °C for a period of 12 days. The study included 6 treatments T₁ (without addition), T₂ addition (1000 ppm) of elastin hydrolysates per kg of meat, T₃ addition (500 ppm) of elastin hydrolysates per kg of meat, T₄ addition (1000 ppm) of collagen hydrolysates per kg of meat, T₅ addition (500 ppm) of collagen hydrolysates per kg of meat and T₆ addition of the antioxidant BHA (0.01) per kg of meat. the transactions were

This study was aimed to investigate the physicochemical structure of fresh and dried Aloe Vera gel (AVG) and its adequacy as a prebiotic in the preparation of Synbiotic fermented milk with Bif. Lactis BB-12, in addition to its effect on the survival of these bacteria during 28 days of cold storage. The results indicated that the yield of the gel was % 64.56±1.157, and the moisture content, total solids (TS) and total soluble solids (TSS) in the fresh gel were % 98.23±0.0816, %1.777±0.0103 and % 1.56±0.0816 respectively. The pH of fresh and dried gel was 4.48±0.0105 and 4.63±0.01, respectively, meanwhile the acidity was 0.083±0.00121 and 0.058±0.0

This study was aimed to investigate the appropriate planting date and tolerance to adverse growing conditions in the spring season through seeds stimulation technology. A field experiment was carried out in the spring seasons of 2022 and 2023 according to a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with four replications. The main factor is planting dates (February 15^th, March 1^st and 15^th, and April 1^st and 15^th). The secondary factor is seeds stimulation (potassium nitrate 6 mg L^-1 + licorice extract 6 g L^-1, as well as soaking with distilled water only). The stimulated seeds (potassium nitrate + licorice extract) and the planting da

Over the course of two winter periods, researchers at the Agricultural Experiment Unit, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, studied the effects of covering wheat (the Al-Furat variety) and “vitamins B9” (“folic acid”) and E “(tocopherol)” on a number of growth traits. Three independent trials were conducted utilizing a factorial design within a Randomized Complete Block Design. The first component was folic acid at 0, 250, and 500 mg L^-1; the second component was vitamin E at 0, 1, and 2 ml L^-1. At the start of the tillering and flowering stages, both vitamins were applied. All measured characteristics (plant height, flag leaf area, total tiller count, plant dry w

A lab experiment was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Lab / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad. This experiment was aimed to investigate gene expression index in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) after preparation of salt and simulated drought stresses. Two tomato cultivars were selected which claimed to exhibit different levels of tolerance toward abiotic stresses designated as salt-tolerant Yassamine (Y) and salt-sensitive GS12 (G) to assess the test. Seven day-old seedlings from both cultivars were grown in MS media supplemented with four concentrations of NaCl at 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM and four concentrations of PEG at 0, 10, 20, and 30% for 48 hours. The results were showed that

The experiment was conducted in a green house at the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping design College of Agriculture engineering Sciences for the  fall season 2020-2021 to determine the response of the Iris plant to bear the conditions of abiotic stresses by studying the effect of irrigation with saline water on the vegetative and flowering characteristics of the plant.The study included three factor, the first factor, the quality of irrigation water (main plots) and at three levels: (irrigation with water from the Tigris River 0.92 dm s^-1(I₀), alternating irrigation (one irrigation with saline

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of plasma activated medium (PAM) on breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and AMJ13) and compared it to non malignant one (ASCs). The cytotoxic effect of 10,15,20, and 25 min prepared PAM was measured and the results indicated that all cells were influenced in the exposure times (20 and 25)min, especially after 48 hours of incubation with lesser influence on normal cells. Based on the results 20 min was determined as the effective dose on 50% of cancer cells with minimal influence on normal one. Further, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was assessed and the results indicated reduction in the level of this cytokine after PAM treatment, MCF7 showed significant 2reduction in both incubation i

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that can tolerate heavy metals, provide the basis for microbial inoculums showing heavy metals tolerance properties. This study was aimed to detect the heavy metal resistance genes in plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas spp. isolated from many agricultural fields. The collected isolates were screened for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, hydrolytic enzymes, Siderophore, ammonia, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Then, subjected to concentrations of CuSO₄, CdCl₂, and ZnCl₂ to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The DNA was extracted from the sel

This study was aimed to assess the antimicrobial  activity of  copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) created by  method of thermal green way using basically a maize starch. Mucoid were appeared of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial colonies and the positive results with some biochemical tests. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus  appeared pigmented colonies surrounded by a yellow halo because of mannitol fermentation.  According to the 24 time incubation period, the CuO NPs antimicrobial activity show

This study was aimed to assess the influence of plasma activated medium (PAM) on some parameters of breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and AMJ13) in comparison to normal adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). First, nitric oxide (NO) production within the used media (RPMI-1640 and MEM) was examined beyond different exposure time (10,15,20, and 25) minutes directly, and the finding suggested a significant increase in NO with increasing exposure time particularly after 20 and 25 min of irradiation in RPMI, while MEM showed significant results only after 25 min. The metabolic parameters were studied including glucose uptake and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The results found a decrease in LDH activity proportional to incubation time

A novel mixed natural coagulant has been developed to remove sewage pollutants and heavy metals from Qanat- al- Jayesh by using low cost adsorbent natural materials. In these materials, significant interaction contains Arabic gum mixed with extracted silica from rice husk ash (natural coagulants) by the Batch device approach, using two variables, pH values ranging from 5-8 and contact times between 0.25-5 hrs. All wastewater samples were collected after treatment by adsorbents and examined for determination of residual heavy metal concentrations: Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), turbidity, pH, total dissolved salts (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and total salinity (TS). The results obtained indicate

Usage of chemicals such as malachite green to disinfect fish eggs in aquaculture has been banned in many countries around the world due to its environmental negative impact. This study aimed to evaluate the Zingiber officinale rhizomes extract as an antifungal agent during incubation period of Bunnei eggs and comparison of its effects with malachite green. For this purpose 24 hours after fertilization, methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes in four groups with a concentration of 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mg/L and three replications per concentration in a (10 minute) bath every 12 hours and malachite green gro

This study was aimed at inhibition of purified protease produced by C. albicans using plant seeds extract. One hundred two local C. albicans isolates that were isolated and identified by microscopic and biochemical tests were submitted to primary and secondary screening techniques in order to select the qualified C. albicans isolate for protease synthesis. Among these isolates, nineteen isolates with the highest hydrolysis zone on skim milk media (primary screening) were chosen for secondary screening. It has been found that C. albicansV56 had the highest productivity of the enzyme (41.8U/mg protein). The optimum conditions of protease production by selected isolate using solid state fermentati

This study was aimed to identification and detection of Mycoplasma dispar by conventional real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays followed by routine hematoxylin & eosin technique to further confirmation of Mycoplasma species related to the lesions observed in diseased calves. Ten samples of infected lung tissue were gathered and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and handled for making a microscopic slide after confirming Mycoplasma dispar infection by PCR. Histopathological examination of the lung revealed two types of pneumonia; chronic suppurative pneumonia in 60% of the cases and 40% of diffuse interstitial pneumonia. Mycoplasma dispar was confirmed based on genetic analysis. Slemani/2018 field isolate showe

The current study was aimed to investigate the impact of white light of various intensity of illumination on some reproductive and hematological parameters of female quail (Coturnix coturnix), Where 80 one-day-old birds were used, separated into four groups distributed as follows: The 1^st  represented as control was exposed to natural lighting, while 2^ed ,3^rd ,4^th  was subjected to different intensity of light represented by 0.6, 25 and 45 lux, respectively, for 5 h/day, each group was divided into 4 replicates. The study continued for 8 weeks. The results indicates a notable raise in the level of FSH and LH hormone with an increase in ovarian weight, an elevate in th

Taenia hydatigena, an intestinal parasite of domestic and wild canids which can cause medical problems and economic losses in animals. Thirty T. hydatigena recovered from the intestine of stray dogs after T. hydatigena based on morphological characters and morphometric observations involving Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the scoleces were stained by Semichon's acid carmine and viewed on a light microscope. High-quality SEM photographs were shown the blade dimensions of both large and small hooks (83.89 µm and 48.16 µm) respectively, which was close to measurements by a digital camera. The number of hooks around the rostellum were 30 hooks, and both were equal in numb

The research was conducted at the Animal Farm of the University of Baghdad's College of Veterinary Medicine to assess the effect of dietary grind seeds of Sumac and Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes(EFE) on some  productive and haematological traits of Awassi male lambs from the period 1/2/2021 to 1/6/2021. Twenty-four Awassi male lambs with 3-4 months of age, and  divided into four groups based on body weight . Dietary treatments were as following: G1 (control) equal nourished  concentrate diet at the rate of 2.5% body weight (B.W) with alfalfa hay daily, G2 was fed on the similar diet as control group and was given 15g/head  dried grind seeds

This study investigated the synergistic effect of glass wool and sephadex sperm filtration techniques on improving the low semen quality of buffalo bulls with or without antioxidants. Semen was collected for 14 weeks, evaluated weekly, and divided into 12 groups. Good and low semen have extended using a Tris extender. Good semen quality is divided into three groups [S1: Tris extender; S2: Tris + vitamins E (2 mM) and C (5 mM); S3: Tris + glutamine (20 mM) and arginine (1 mM)]. Low semen quality was divided into three main groups and subdivided into three sub-groups (S4; Tris extender; S5: Tris +vitamins E (2 mM) and C (5 mM); S6: Tris + glutamine (20 mM) and arginine (1 mM)). In the 2^nd and 3^rd main groups,