The application of pultruded (GFRP) composite has become increasingly prominent in civil infrastructure projects. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of experimental and numerical studies conducted on the mechanical characteristics of (GFRP) composites across various temperature conditions, encompassing ambient and fire scenarios. The compilation comprises over 100 scholarly articles that examine the mechanical behavior of (GFRP) materials, specifically emphasizing their tensile and compressive strengths, showed the mechanical properties of (GFRP) materials are commonly compromised when exposed to high temperatures that approach or surpass the resin's glass transition temperature (Tg). In contrast, temperatures that are lower than the glass transition temperature (Tg) have the potential to cause minimal degradation. This study provides that at temperatures exceeding 450°C, the tensile strength of (GFRP) bars experiences a significant decline, with a retention rate of less than 20%. Similarly, GFRP laminates or sheets exhibit a substantial loss in strength, ranging from 68% to 94%, when exposed to temperatures exceeding 400°C. Also, the optimal model and the closest results to practical experiments in the case of compression are the models (Mahieux and wang). This review provides an in-depth understanding of the GFRP composite's behavior after being subjected to elevated temperatures. The results presented in this literature review could be used as a base for developing predictive models related to GFRP composite behavior after being subjected to elevated temperatures.
Suffer most of the industrial sector companies from high Kperfi magnitude of the costs of industrial indirect, lack of equitable distribution of these costs on the objectives of cost, increased competition, and the lack of proper planning in line and changes faced by the industrial sector (general) and sample (private), as well as the difficulty in re- directing efforts to improve profitability and in-depth analysis of activities, and to identify untapped resource activities, then link these activities to the final products The research aims to apply the technology review and evaluate programs with the method (ABC) through the application stages of planning, scheduling and control and a comparison to get to the products of dev
... Show MoreThis study concluded detection of Toxoplasma gondii in milk, immunologically by using Elisa and nested PCR)nPCR (based on B1 gene, also to investigate the effect of toxoplasmosis, parity, breed and flock on some milk composition in the Iraqi local and Shami goats in the middle of Iraq. A total of 80 milk samples of the lactating goats were collected. Results of this study showed the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis was 21.25% and 28.75% by Elisa and nPCR respectively without significant differences. The sensitivity of Elisa was a low (30.43%) whereas the specificity was a high (82.45%). The degree of agreement estimated by Kappa coefficient revealed a slight agreement (0.14) between two methods. The results indicated that goats infected
... Show MoreThis research aims at studying each of the cold and hot thermal wavelengths affecting
Iraq for a minimum climatic course of 11 years beginning from 1992 till 2002. Three stations
were selected including the parts of Iraq surface: Mosul, Baghdad and Basrah.
The wave days were also connected with the related climatic elements represented by
the wind direction and speeds and the relative humidity. It was shown that Iraq is affected by
the rates of hot thermal wave lengths greatly compared to the rates of cold wavelengths. The
results suggested that the highest rate of hot and cold wavelengths recorded over Basra station
was (3.5) days for the cold and (5) days for the hot. While the lowest rates was at Mosul
station
Optical detector was manufactured Bashaddam thermal evaporation technique at room temperature under pressure rays studied characteristics of reactive Scout efficiency quantitative ratio of the signal and the ability equivalent to noise
The effect of some environment faetor (different temperature and relative humidity) on the biology of the old world- screw worm, were studied under laboratory condition, the result showed that non of the eggs hatched at 15°c and under dried eondition which relative humidity between 20-40%, also result showed that the mature larvae needs one days to become pupa since it leaves the larval died at the temperature ranged between 25-40°C at different humidity rates. While it needs 3 days under lower temperature and different humidity to become pu^, on the other hand the results showed that either low temperature and dried condition or high temperature at different humidity rates cause non of pupa became adult. While low temperature (15-20) °c
... Show MoreThe study is about Maxwell , three dimensions of non – Newtonian fluid. Method of th Homotopy applied to analysis mass transfer and heat with thermophoresis effects. (Sc), Impact of therrmophoretic (𝜏), magnetic (M), Biot (γ), radiation (Rd),Schmidt Prandtle (Pr) parameters and ratio parameter(β) on concentration, temperature are offered in the paper.