Hydrocarbon production might cause changes in dynamic reservoir properties. Thus the consideration of the mechanical stability of a formation under different conditions of drilling or production is a very important issue, and basic mechanical properties of the formation should be determined. There is considerable evidence, gathered from laboratory measurements in the field of Rock Mechanics, showing a good correlation between intrinsic rock strength and the dynamic elastic constant determined from sonic-velocity and density measurements. The values of the mechanical properties determined from log data, such as the dynamic elastic constants derived from the measurement of the elastic wave velocities in the material, should be more accurate than that determined by direct strength tests with core samples. This can be attributed to the scale effect and sampling disturbances. The aim of this study was to present methods of determining measures of some mechanical properties, from available well log data (conventional sonic, density, and gamma ray) for a well in North Rumaila field. The mechanical properties include formation strength and Poisson’s ratio. For the formation strength, combined elastic modulus (Ec) and shear modulus (G) were determined. The Poisson’s ratio was determined by using three different techniques to permit the accuracy of their values. The elastic modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio were then correlated with depth and effective stress. The results show that combined correlations are important source of the prediction of overpressure zones which represent a major problem encountered in drilling and production process.
Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare congenital condition that results in bone fragility, recurrent fractures, and various extra-skeletal manifestations. Currently, intravenous bisphosphonate is the mainstay of medical treatment in OI. Objective: To identify the effect of current management strategies on Iraqi children diagnosed with OI. Methods: A retrospective study enrolled OI patients who were registered in Central Child Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from January 2015 to December 2022. We enrolled confirmed OI cases (either clinically and/or radiologically) who received cyclic pamidronate therapy for at least 3 cycles. They neither received other types of bisphosphonates nor underwent surgical intervention. Res
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Emotional competence, is relatively a new concept, stands for the ability of people to perceive their feelings and emotions, and sharing them with others. It also refers to capability in optimizing these feeling and emotions, and managing them over various situations. Thus, this study aims to examine the efficiency of counseling program in developing an emotional competence among intermediate school students in Baghdad city. The sample included group of female students at intermediate stage. The findings revealed none of experimental and control groups have statistically significant differences in pre-posttests of emotional competence efficiency.
Stream of Consciousness technique has a great impact on writing literary texts in the modern age. This technique was broadly used in the late of nineteen century as a result of thedecay of plot, especially in novel writing. Novelists began to use stream of consciousness technique as a new phenomenon, because it goes deeper into the human mind and soul through involving it in writing. Modern novel has changed after Victorian age from the traditional novel that considers themes of religion, culture, social matters, etc. to be a group of irregular events and thoughts interrogate or reveal the inner feeling of readers.
This study simplifies stream of consciousness technique through clarifying the three levels of conscious
... Show MoreJM Karhoot, AA Noaimi, WF Ahmad, The Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2012 - Cited by 7
Catalytic wet air oxidation of aqueous phenol solution was studied in a pilot plant trickle bed reactor using copperoxide catalyst supported on alumina and silica. Catalysts were prepared by impregnating method. Effect of feed solutionpH (5.9, 7.3, and 9.2), gas flow rate (20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%), WHSV (1, 2, and 3 h-1), temperature (120°C, 140°C,and 160°C), oxygen partial pressure (6, 9, 12 bar), and initial phenol concentration (1, 2, and 4 g/l).Generally, theperformance of the catalysts was better when the pH of feed solution was increased. The catalysts deactivation is relatedto the dissolution of the metal oxides from the catalyst surface due to the acidic conditions. Phenol oxidation reactionwas strongly affected by WHSV,
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Background :The incidence of bile ducts injuries( BDI )has risen from) 0.1 to 0.2%( to) 0.4 to 0.6% ( between the era of open cholecystectomy( O C) and the age of laoaroscopic cholycystectomy( LC.) The aim of the study is to review the management and surgical outcome of the bile duct injuries in gastroenterology and hepatology teaching hospital .Methods: This study is Prospective, done in G.I.T hospital ,From January 2008 –to –February 2011, patients included in this study had prevouse history of cholecystectomy which followed by sign and symptoms of bile duct injures .Most patients have been reffered from other hospitals,supprting therapy were given to them and investigations performed to evaluate the the type of injureis ,minor inj
... Show MoreFemtosecond laser pulse propagation in monomode optical fibers is demonstrated and investigated numerically (by simulations) and experimentally in this paper. A passively mode locked Nd:glass laser giving a pulse duration of about 200 fsec at 1053 nm wavelength and 120 mW average optical power with 100 MHz repetition rate is used in the experimental work. Numerical simulations are done by solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the aid of Matlab program. The results show that self phase modulation (SPM) leads to compression of the spectral width from 5 nm to 2.1 nm after propagation of different optical powers (34, 43, 86 and 120 mW) in fibers of different length (5, 15, 35 m). The varying optical powers produced a varying
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Asthma is chronic inflammatory disease affecting 5% of world population. Characterized by eosinophilic type2 inflammation. FKBP51 immunophilin, important modular protein of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). We aimed to evaluate immunocytochemical localization of GR and FKBP51 in induced sputum cells by using immunocytochemical method and immunofluorescent ant-FKBP51 and anti –GR antibody and estimation of IgE and Type 2 inflammatory cytokine IL-5,IL-13 by ELISA technique.GR in the sputum show non-significant decrease of cytoplasmic distribution of the patient groups and highly significant increase in steroid treated patients and non-significant increase in nuclear distribution in non-steroid, FKBP51 nuclear localization show non-significant i
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A number of pulsed experiments have been carried out using a high-voltage circuit containing R,L, and C in certain arrangements. A spherical spark gap of steel electrodes was used as a high-current switch operated by a voltage of up to 8kV and triggered in both self-triggering and third-electrode triggering modes. Current measurements were carried out by using both current-viewing resistor and Rogowski coils designed for this purpose. Typical current waveforms have shown obvious dominating inductance effect of the circuit components in an underdamped oscillation. The behavior of the circuit impedance was studied by recording both pulsed current peaks and the charging voltages when currents of up to 2.5kA were recorded. The dur
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