Back ground: Knowledge about the causes of death in children is important to evaluate health system progress and provide what is needed for an efficient design of health care delivery system. Objective: To find out the main causes of death in children under 5years & evaluate the effects of different variables like: age, gender, body weight, residency, and months of year for the causes of death. Patient& Method: This is a retrospective study which was carried out in order to find out the main causes of death among admitted children younger than 5 year in Sulaymani Pediatrics Teaching Hospital for the period of 5 years from of January 1st 2001 to December 31st 2005 included. The total numbers of admitted cases was 137,739 out of which 1455 had died. We obtained the information from case files of the deceased patients. Results: The incidence of death among admitted patients was (1.06%), the rate was higher in male gender (59.3%), while in female it was (40.7 %), with a P-value of <0.05 which is significant statistically with male to female ratio 1.48:1. Deaths were mainly in neonates (61.8 % of all age groups in the study) with a p-value of <0.05. Death was mainly in those with body weights <2.5kg, which accounts for (42.1%). The main cause of death in neonate was prematurity (54.7%) while diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) were main causes during infancy (57.4%, 15.9%) respectively. Seasonal variation of died cases showed that were two peaks of death, one in June and another in November with a p-value of <0.05. The percentage of death in the rural and urban area were (64.5%, 35.5 %) respectively, with a p-value of <0.05 which is also significant. Conclusion: This study has revealed that prematurity was the main cause of death among neonate while diarrhea and acute respiratory diseases were the main causes of death during infancy. Malignancy was the least common cause of death. Deaths were mainly in neonates. There was a significant association between deaths and gender, body weight, residency& the months of the year. Key words: mortality rate, death cause, children under five.
Mixed ligand metal complexes of CrIII, FeIII,II, NiII and CuII have been synthesized using 5-chlorosalicylic acid (5-CSA) as a primary ligand and L-Valine (L-Val) as secondary ligand. The metal complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, electrical conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements and spectral studies. The electrical conductance studies of the complexes indicate their electrolytic nature. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed paramagnetic nature of the all complexes. Bonding
Mixed ligand metal complexes of CrIII, FeIII,II, NiII and CuII have been synthesized using 5-chlorosalicylic acid (5-CSA) as a primary ligand and L-Valine (L-Val) as secondary ligand. The metal complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, electrical conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements and spectral studies. The electrical conductance studies of the complexes indicate their electrolytic nature. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed paramagnetic nature of the all complexes. Bonding of the metal ion through –OHand –COOgroups of bidentate to the 5-chlorosalicylic acid and through –NH2 and –COOgroups of bidentate to the L-valine by FT-IR studies . The agar diffusion method has been used to study the antib
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Background: Human teeth considered to be an important etiological host factor in relation to dental caries through its morphology and composition. Elements may incorporate in tooth structure during pre and post-eruptive period changing the resistance for caries. The aims of this study were to determine the concentration of selected major (Calcium and phosphorus) and trace elements (Ferrous iron, nickel, chromium and aluminum) in permanent teeth and enamel among a group of adolescent girls in relation to severity of dental caries Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 25 girls with an age of 13-15 years old referred by Orthodontists for extractions of upper first premolars (two sides). Tooth and enamel samples were prepared for
... Show MoreBackground: The incidence of oral cancers is increasing all over the world. Early detection ofthis important public health matter makes them more amenable to treatment and allows the greatest chance of cure.The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness and knowledge on oral cancer among final -year dental students in Iraq. Materials and methods: Questionnaires were delivered to 160 final–year dental students in the College of Dentistry in Baghdad. The questionnaire focused on the awareness/knowledge of oral cancer, earlyand common clinical signs and symptoms andassociated risk factors. Results: It was found that 87% of students were aware of oral cancer. The followings were recognized as signs and symptoms of oral cancer: persis
... Show MoreThe researcher attempts to examine Barman model in acquiring the historical concepts among fourth-grade students at literary classrooms. To this end, the researcher held the null hypothesis, there is no significant difference between the experimental groups who was taught based on Barman model and the control group that taught based on the traditional method in acquiring the historical concepts on the post-test. To testify the effectiveness of Barman model, the researcher administered a questionnaire included (60) items on bunch of female-students who were selected from al-khamaeal preparatory school in al-hurriyah district in Baghdad. The author utilized different statistical tools to analyze the collected data. &
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Globally, iron deficiency anemia is a problematic nutritional deficiency health-related issue that impacts early-adulthood people such as university students. The aim was to asses female nursing students’ knowledge concerning iron deficiency anemia in the College of Nursing, University of Baghdad.
A cross-sectional survey was carried out from the period of June 18, 2023 to December 20, 2023. Nonprobability (purposive) samples of 100 female nursing students were selected from the second, third, and fourth stages in the College of N
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