The increasing rates of consumption of cigarettes harmful, to health in the world in general, and in Iraq in particular, and because of the costs borne by individuals, and the state as a result of addressing its damage, as well as Iraq's commitment, to international conventions against cigarettes, and demands of the World Health Organization, to raise prices to reduce consumption. Therefore, the tax Selectivity is one of the most important ways of regulating the consumption of this commodity on the one hand and increasing the tax revenue on the other. The research aims to shed light on the issue of selective tax on cigarettes and the impact of their application in increasing tax revenues and identify the effectiveness of the application

     Islamic manuscripts are considered an identity for the civilizational, cognitive and cultural development of nations and the Islamic world as a whole, and to identify this identity, the closing statement usually written at the end of the manuscript helps us with this, meaning that the closing entries serve as the identity document of the manuscript

استخلص عامل التلزن من E. faecalis EM1 بعد تكسير الخلايا بعدة طرق واختيار الطريقة التي تعطي اعلى قيمة تلزن والترسيب بالكحول الاثيلي , واجري فحص التلزن وقياسه للمستخلص  مع انواع من البكتريا السالبة لملون غرام تضمنت     Escherichia coli  و Klebsiella  pneumoniae  و Serratia

  The reaction of LAs-Cl8 : [ (2,2- (1-(3,4-bis(carboxylicdichloromethoxy)-5-oxo-2,5dihydrofuran-2-yl)ethane – 1,2-diyl)bis(2,2-dichloroacetic acid)]with sodium azide in ethanol with drops of distilled water has been investigated . The new product L-AZ :(3Z ,5Z,8Z)-2azido-8-[azido(3Z,5Z)-2-azido-2,6-bis(azidocarbonyl)-8,9-dihydro-2H-1,7-dioxa-3,4,5triazonine-9-yl]methyl]-9-[(1-azido-1-hydroxy)methyl]-2H-1,7-dioxa-3,4,5-triazonine – 2,6 – dicarbonylazide was isolated and characterized by elemental analysis (C.H.N) , 1H-NMR , Mass spectrum and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) . The reaction of the L-AZ withM+n: [ ( VO(II) , Cr(III)  ,Mn(II) , Co(II) , Ni(II) , Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Cd(II) and

Abstract: The M(II) complexes [M2(phen)2(L)(H2O)2Cl2] in (2:1:2 (M:L:phen) molar ratio, (where M(II) =Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Hg(II), phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; L = 2,2'-(1Z,1'Z)-(biphenyl-4,4'-diylbis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene))bis(methan-1-yl-1- ylidene)diphenol] were synthesized. The mixed complexes have been prepared and characterized using 1H and13C NMR, UV/Visible, FTIR spectra methods and elemental microanalysis, as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. The metal complexes were tested in vitro against three types of pathogenic bacteria microorganisms: Staphylococcus aurous, Escherichia coli, Bacillussubtilis and Pseudomonasaeroginosa to assess their antimicrobial properties. From this study shows that a

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the impact of deposit insurance to reduce banking risks, as banks in various countries of the world face a variety of risks that led to banking and financial crises that led to the failure and bankruptcy of many of its bank, which led to the banks to find quick and appropriate solutions to get rid of these difficulties These solutions include the use of bank deposit protection system for the many risks and sequences of crises that accompanied the Iraqi banking work of thefts, forgery, embezzlement and changing and unstable circumstances. The importance of studying the subject of research through the theoretical framework of banking risks as well as the framework of consideration In order to

مشكلة البحث   The Problem of the Research

          يعّد التحصيل الدراسي للطلبة عموما من أهم أركان النشاط العقلي في المجال التربوي، فلا تكاد تخلو منه أيه مدرسة، أبتداءً من المدارس الابتدائية وقد تسبقها رياض الأطفال، إلى المدرسة الإعدادية والجامعية ، وقد تمتد إلى مراحل متقدمة في العمر، فكان الطالب وما يزال هو محور العملية ال