This research aims to spatially analyze urban poverty in the city of Al-Hilla using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as an effective tool for understanding social and economic disparities at the neighborhood level. A spatial database covering ten urban districts was developed, based on composite indicators such as average income, illiteracy rate, unemployment, residential overcrowding, and access to basic services. Spatial analyses were conducted using ArcGIS tools including Buffer Analysis, Hot Spot, and Kernel Density, in addition to measuring distances to the nearest health services. The results revealed clear spatial variation in poverty distribution, with high poverty levels concentrated in peripheral neighborhoods such as Al-Nile and Al-Mahdiya, while central districts like Al-Jam'iya and Al-Muhandiseen showed lower poverty levels. The study concludes that GIS contributes significantly to more targeted development policies and supports the achievement of spatial justice. The research recommends integrating spatial analysis into local planning and establishing up-to-date urban databases for monitoring and geographically targeting poverty.