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تعليق على قرار المحكمة الاتحادية العليا رقم 54/اتحادية/2017 (التعديلات الدستورية المؤقتة لدستور جمهورية العراق لعام 2005)
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أصدرت المحكمة الاتحادية العليا قرارها المرقم 54/اتحادية/2017 الصادر في 21/5/2017 الذي جاء فيه (تجد المحكمة الاتحادية العليا أنَّ تطبيق احكام المادة (126) من الدستور عند تقديم مقترح بتعديل مادة أو أكثر من مواد الدستور لا يكون إلا بعد البت في التعديلات التي اوصت بها اللجنة المنصوص عليها في الفقرة (اولاً) من المادة (142) ووفق الإجراءات المرسومة بهذه المادة)[i].

ولقد استندت المحكمة الاتحادية العليا في قرارها أعلاه إلى العديد من الأسس:

الأساس الأول: تفسير أحكام المادة (142) من الدستور[ii]، وذلك بتحليل الغرض من صياغتها، إذ إنَّ هذه المادة شُرعت بالاستناد إلى الظروف التي تستدعي تامين مصلحة مكونات الشعب الرئيسية في المجتمع العراقي، والمتمثلة باشتراط إجراءات وخطوات تختلف عن الإجراءات والخطوات المحددة في المادة (126) من الدستور، ومن ثم يتمثل الاعتبار الأول في مراعاة مصلحة المكونات التي جاءت هذه المادة لضمان حقوقها.

أما الأساس الثاني فيتجسد في تحليل الشرط الوارد في الفقرة (خامساً) من المادة (142) من الدستور التي تنص على (يستثنى ما ورد في هذه المادة من احكام المادة (126) المتعلقة بتعديل الدستور الى حين الانتهاء من البت في التعديلات المنصوص عليها في هذه المادة).

 

1 جاء اصدار هذا القرار على إثر طلب التفسير المقدم من النائب الأول لرئيس مجلس النواب العراقي بموجب الكتاب المرقم م.خ 1/3/216 في 11/5/2017 فيما يعرض على هيئة رئاسة المجلس من مقترحات تقدم من (1/5) من أعضاء مجلس النواب لتعديل مادة أو مادتين من مواد الدستور، وفيما إذا كان ينبغي التعامل معها وفق الآليات المرسومة في المادة (126) من الدستور ام وفق الآليات المرسومة في المادة (142) منه.

2  تنص المادة (142) من دستور جمهورية العراق لعام 2005على أنْه (أولاً:- يشكل مجلس النواب في بداية عمله لجنة من أعضائه تكون ممثلة للمكونات الرئيسة في المجتمع العراقي، مهمتها تقديم تقرير إلى مجلس النواب، خلال مُدة لا تتجاوز (أربعة) أشهر، يتضمن توصية بالتعديلات الضرورية التي يمكن إجراؤها على الدستور وتحل اللجنة بعد البت في مقترحاتها . ثانياً:- تعرض التعديلات المقترحة من قبل اللجنة دفعة واحدة على مجلس النواب للتصويت عليها، وتعد مُقرة بموافقة الأغلبية (المُطلقة) لعدد أعضاء المجلس. ثالثاً:- تطرح المواد المعدلة من قبل مجلس النواب وفقاً لما ورد في البند (ثانياً) من هذه المادة على الشعب للاستفتاء عليها خلال مُدة لا تزيد على (شهرين) من تاريخ إقرار التعديل في مجلس النواب . رابعاً:- يكون الاستفتاء على المواد المعدلة ناجحاً بموافقة أغلبية المصوتين، وإذا لم يرفضه (ثلثا) المصوتين في(ثلاث) محافظات أو أكثر . خامساً:- يستثنى ما ورد في هذه المادة من أحكام المادة (126) المتعلقة بتعديل الدستور، إلى حين الانتهاء من البت في التعديلات المنصوص عليها في هذه المادة)

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