In the present work, the impact of metal foam (MF) on the thermal efficiency of a parabolic trough collector (PTC) was experimentally investigated using two types of receivers: one with metal foam insertion (MFI) and one without. Tests were conducted with a 30% filling ratio (FR) of copper foam blocks, consisting of 10 discs, each 45 mm thick, semi-uniformly spaced along the receiver pipe. The copper foam had pore densities of 10–40 PPI and porosities of 0.903 and 0.8983. The experiments carried out under ASHRAE 93 standards involved varying volume flow rates from 0.1 to 0.3 LPM, using water as the heat transfer fluid. The experiments took place in Iraq in May 2024, from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., under solar radiation conditions. To ensure data reliability, uncertainty analyses were performed on temperature, solar irradiation, flow rate, and pressure drop. The results indicated that the use of metal foam in the receiver improved collector efficiency, with a notable 16.74% increase at 40 PPI and 0.3 LPM. The highest thermal efficiency was achieved with 40 PPI, which raised the PTC outlet temperature to 58 °C at 0.1 LPM, compared to 53 °C for a without MFI pipe. According to performance evaluation criteria, 10 PPI foam outperforms 40 PPI foam. Compared to the denser 40 PPI, the larger 10 PPI pores improve water flow, reduce resistance, and require less energy to pump the heat transfer fluid (HTF). However, the findings found that while metal foam improves heat transfer efficiency, it increases pressure drop, highlighting the importance of balancing these factors in system design.