Leeches are a group of segmented worms that play important roles in aquatic environment
based on diversity, and abundance feeding habits. A total of 144 specimens of the leech were
collected from two sites in Babylon Province on the Euphrates River including S1 in Al-
Musayyib city site and S2 in Shatt Al-Hillah site, during the period from March 2023 to May
2024. Specimens were examined morphologically and by molecular analysis of genomic
DNA, using to amplification of the conserved 18S rRNA encoding gene and universal primers
ITS1 and ITS4, some environmental variables were measured, including water and air
temperature (°C), pH, Electrical conductivity EC (μs ̸ cm), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and
Turbidity, in addition to sediment texture analysis. The result showed that the collected
specimens belonged to four species, including Barbronia cf. gwalagwalensis Westergen &
Siddall, 2004, Barbronia borealis Bolotov, Eliseeva & Kondakov, 2023, Barbronia weberi
Blanchard, 1897, and Barbronia arcana Richardson, 1970; all these species belong to the
family Salilfidae and order Hirudinida. The significnce of this discovery is the addition of
four new record species to Iraqi fauna.