Indoor air quality (IAQ) in healthcare facilities has become a critical area of research due to its significant influence on patient health, staff safety, and operational efficiency. This study examines the levels of various indoor air pollutants, including formaldehyde (HCHO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), humidity, and temperature, in multiple healthcare units within the Medical City of Baghdad from September to the end of December of 2024 from different units, such as consulting units, waiting halls, corridors, and emergency rooms. Different IAQ monitoring systems that provide real-time measurements of these parameters were used in this study. The findings show that CO2 levels tend to be elevated, with a significant difference detected in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. NO2 concentrations were also monitored, which suggested a possible connection with specific activity within the healthcare settings. Formaldehyde and VOC levels were examined in order to understand their effects on respiratory health among patients and workers and showed that HCHO concentrations were consistently elevated in Sep.-Oct., while the Medical City Dialysis Center documented the highest VOC levels during these months. Humidity and temperature measurements were crucial in evaluating the effectiveness of ventilation systems and their impact on maintaining a healing environment.
In conclusion, the Medical City Center was characterized by consistently elevated levels of temperature, formaldehyde, VOCs, and NO2, particularly during September and October, whereas the Children's Welfare Teaching Hospital exhibited the lowest pollutant concentrations alongside higher humidity. Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital, in contrast, maintained relatively stable air quality indicators throughout the study period. This research demonstrates the importance of a regular IAQ assessment in healthcare settings to reduce health risks resulting from poor air quality. By identifying and addressing air quality issues proactively, healthcare providers can enhance patient safety, comply with established health standards, and improve staff working conditions.