Preferred Language
Articles
/
jcolang-814
An excerpt on the analysis of correlate constructions: Exkurs zur Analyse der Korrelatkonstruktionen
...Show More Authors

The main idea that led me to write such research paper within the framework of Germanic linguistics is that I have not found any topic dealing with the term correlate in the German language, except in several articles in linguistic journals as well as one topic in a book describing the use of such a linguistic phenomenon in the language system. The research initially deals with the definition of the correlate at the level of the German language system. Correlate is unity describes specific relation of two sentences and identifies denoted constructs. Correlate is called a placeholder at the syntactic level because it does not occupy its original topological fields in the syntactic structure. The correlate (es) or the prepositional adverbs or adverbs can occur in the matrix clause, it is the second feature. The third categorical feature of the correlate is morphological, in that the correlate is inflexible and the last feature shows that the correlate does not confer case features on its syntactic environment, where the correlate possesses the matrix clause. The correlate can appear as the first part of the complex connector in the subordinate clause or the infinitive construction. The last feature refers to the fact that the correlate construction can be attributive in the complex sentence, whereby the sentence structure, which is the constituent of attributively formed correlate specifiers, is embedded.

The research presents the conceptual content of the linguistic expression described by the correlate, functioning as a pro-element in the major premise and considered as a dentate. It is a matter of denotation of the correlate and deictic expressions. Furthermore, the present research sheds light on the obligatory and optional use of the correlate constructions in the German sentence. In German there are correlates when using certain verbs. In addition, certain linguistic constructions or expressions require correlates of both particles and prepositional adverbs. The reasons for this are contextual and communicative aspects.

In relation to the contextual-communicative aspects such as verbs affect the connection with the correlate. She signals the connection through the grade particles. Compared to other verbs, the use of the correlate (es) is reduced. The reason for this is the appearance of degree particles as well, even, at most, only, only. This can be the case if the grading of the text passage does not focus on the extreme predicate, but rather on the infinitive construction or the subordinate clause. This was studied at work.

Then it was examined how the correlate constructions occur with certain subjunctives by dividing them into two forms, namely attributive correlate constructions and left displacement constructions. If the correlate occurs before the subjunctive phrase, it is called an attributive correlate construction. This form is also called a correlate specifier. The subjunctive phrase has the function of being an attribute for the correlate. They can be directly followed by the correlate, whereby it is possible that the correlate alone carries the main clause after deducting the so-called phrase.

Zusammenfassung

Die Hauptidee besteht darin, wie sich das Phänomen Korrelat im deutschen Sprachsystem anwenden lassen. Solche Forshchungsarbeit verortert sich im Rahmen der germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft. Da Sprachstudien – über ihre linguistische Relevanz hinaus – auch den Lernenden nützliches empirisches bzw. didaktisches Material zur Wortschatzerweiterung einen Überblick erarbeitet, spielt doch die linguistische Forschungsarbeit eine große Rolle bei der Verbesserung der Sprachkompetenz und der Syntaxverfahren. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Korrelatkonstruktionen im Deutschen. Es geht um die Konnektstellungsmöglichkeiten und topologische Felder der relevanten sprachlichen Ausdrücke in dem deutschen Text. Der Ausgangspunkt ist dezidiert die deutsche Sprache. Anhand der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Fragen gestellt, ob es kategoriale Merkmale für die Korrelatestellung gibt oder welche spachsystematischen Voraussetzungen die Anwendung des Korrelates bestimmen. Des Weiteren wird in dieser Arbeit beleuchtet, was der Grund dafür ist, dass das es als Korrelat genannt wird. Das grammatikalische es, bestimmte Adverbien wie sogar, nur und die Partikel wie auch gehören zu den unterschiedlichen Subklassen der Wortarten. Die deutschen Grammatiken gehen darin in ihren Publikationen nicht ein. Die vorliegende Forschung untersucht diese Problematik.

Die Forschung untersucht den begrifflichen Inhalt des sprachlichen Ausdrucks, den das Korrelat beschreibt, wobei es im Obersatz als Pro-Element fungiert und als Denotat betrachtet wird. Es handelt sich um Denotat des Korrelats und deiktische Ausdrücke. Des Weiteren beleuchtet die vorliegende Forschung obligatorischen und fakultativen Gebrauch der Korrelatkonstruktionen in dem deutschen Satz. Im Deutschen stehen Korrelate bei der Verwendung bestimmter Verben. Daneben fordern bestimmte sprachliche Konstruktionen bzw. Ausdrücke Korrelate sowohl Partikeln als auch Präpositionaladverbien. Die Gründe dafür sind kontextuelle sowie kommunikative Aspekte.

Received on 10/1/2023 

Accepted on 20/8/2023 

Published on 2/1/2024)

Crossref
View Publication Preview PDF
Quick Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Dec 22 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Ex-vivo Ex-Vivo Absorption Study of a Novel Dabigatran Etexilate Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Using Non-Everted Intestinal Sac Model
...Show More Authors

Abstract

The purpose of our study was to develop Dabigatran Etexilate loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DE-NLCs) using Glyceryl monostearate and Oleic acid as lipid matrix, and to estimate the potential of the developed delivery system to improve oral absorption of low bioavailability drug, different Oleic acid ratios effect on particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and loading capacity were studied, the optimized DE-NLCs shows a particle size within the nanorange, the zeta potential (ZP) was 33.81±0.73mV with drug entrapment efficiency (EE%) of  92.42±2.31% and a loading capacity (DL%) of 7.69±0.17%. about 92% of drug was released in 24hr in a controlled manner, the ex-vivo intestinal p

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (9)
Crossref (3)
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Tue May 06 2014
Journal Name
Plos One
Gastroprotective Activity of Ethyl-4-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene) Amino]benzoate against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Ulcer in Rats
...Show More Authors

The study was carried out to determine the cytotoxic, antioxidant and gastro-protective effect of ethyl-4-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylid ene)amino] benzoate (ETHAB) in rats.

View Publication
Scopus (38)
Crossref (32)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Jun 04 2017
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Electrical Dielectric Authorship of Polyvinyl-Acetate and Toluene Diisocyanate (PVA-TDI) with Manufactured Sulfonated Phenol-formaldehyde (SPF) Viscous Mass Material Composite
...Show More Authors

The electrical insulation of the manufacture sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde viscous material (product) has been studied with Polyvinyl-acetate (PVA) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) blend has been prepared by fixing percentage by weight 3:1 and mixed with different percentages by weight of the product sulfonated phenol formaldehyde viscous mass (SPF). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is done on (SPF) resin powder and prepared film of PVA-TDI-SPF viscous mass. The quality factor (Q), dissipation factor (D), parallel resistance (Rp), series resistance (Rs), parallel capacitance (Cp), series capacitance (Cs) and phase shift (?) are measured. The calculated maximum dielectric constant (??) is 3.49x107 at sample (1) wt.1% SPF vis

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Mar 28 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Hybrid Approach of Prediction Daily Maximum and Minimum Air Temperature for Baghdad City by Used Artificial Neural Network and Simulated Annealing
...Show More Authors

     Temperature predicting is the utilization to forecast the condition of the temperature for an upcoming date for a given area. Temperature predictions are done by gathering quantitative data in regard to the current state of the atmosphere. In this study, a proposed hybrid method to predication the daily maximum and minimum air temperature of Baghdad city which combines standard backpropagation with simulated annealing (SA). Simulated Annealing Algorithm are used for weights optimization for recurrent multi-layer neural network system. Experimental tests had been implemented using the data of maximum and minimum air temperature for month of July of Baghdad city that got from local records of Iraqi Meteorological O

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Mon Dec 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Dosimetric Verification of Gamma Passing Rate for Head and Neck Cases Treated with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Treatment Planning Technique
...Show More Authors

Each Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) plan needs to be tested and verified before any treatment to check its quality. Octavius 4D-1500 phantom detector is a modern and qualified device for quality assurance procedure. This study aims to compare the common dosimetric criteria 3%/3 mm with 2%/2 mm for H&N plans for the IMRT technique. Twenty-five patients with head and neck (H&N) tumor were with 6MV x-ray photon beam using Monaco 5.1 treatment planning software and exported to Elekta synergy linear accelerator then tested for pretreatment verification study using Octavius 4D-1500 phantom detector. The difference between planned and measured dose were assessed by using local and global gamma index (GI) analysis method at

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (2)
Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Jan 30 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Fracture resistance of weakened premolars restored with sonically-activated composite, bulk-filled and incrementally-filled composites(A comparative in vitro study)
...Show More Authors

Background: This study was conducted to assess the effect of sonic activation and bulk placement of resin composite in comparison to horizontal incremental placement on the fracture resistance of weakened premolar teeth. Materials and method: Sixty sound human single-rooted maxillary premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used in this study. Teeth were divided into six groups of ten teeth each: Group 1 (sound unprepared teeth as a control group), Group 2 (teeth prepared with MOD cavity and left unrestored), Group 3 (restored with SonicFill™ composite), Group 4 (restored with Quixfil™ composite), Group 5 (restored with Tertic EvoCeram® Bulk Fill composite) and Group 6 (restored with Universal Tetric EvoCeram® co

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Sun Mar 13 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Distribution Of Some Heavy Metals In Water,Sediment & Fish Cyprinus carpio in Euphrates River Near Al- Nassiriya City Center South Iraq .
...Show More Authors

The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, pb, and Zn were determined in dissolved and particulate phases of the water,in addition to exchangeable and residual phases of the sediment and in the selected organs of the fish Cyprinus carpio collected from the Euphrates River near Al-Nassiriya city center south of Iraq during the summer period / 2009 .Also sediment texture and total organic carbon(TOC) were measured. Analysis emploing a flam Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers . The mean regional concentrations of the heavy metals in dissolved (µg/l) and particulate phases (µg/gm) dry weight were Cd (0.15,16.13) ,Cu (0.59,24.48) ,Fe (726,909.4) ,Pb (0.20, 49.95) and Zn (2.5,35.62) respectively,and those for exchangeable and residual phases of the

... Show More
View Publication Preview PDF
Publication Date
Fri Sep 29 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Nanoscience
Preparation of N-A Cysteine-capped CdTe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs as a Selective Probe for Detecting Damaged DNA
...Show More Authors

In this study, NAC-capped CdTe/CdS/ZnS core/double shell QDs were synthesized in an aqueous medium to investigate their utility in distinguishing normal DNA from mutated DNA extracted from biological samples. Following the interaction between the synthesized QDs with DNA extracted from leukemia cases (represents damaged DNA) and that of healthy donors (represents undamaged DNA), differential fluorescent emission maxima and intensities were observed. It was found that damaged DNA from leukemic cells DNA-QDs conjugates at 585 nm while intact DNA (from healthy subjects) DNA–QDs conjugates at 574 nm. The obtained results from the optical analyses indicate that the prepared QDs could be utilized as probe for detecting disrupted DNA th

... Show More
View Publication
Crossref (1)
Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Sep 02 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research
A Study of Anti-Fungal Activity for Some Antibiotics Against Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. in Iraqi patients with Diabetes Mellitus
...Show More Authors

View Publication
Scopus Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
International Conference Of Computational Methods In Sciences And Engineering Iccmse 2021
Fibrewise totally topological spaces
...Show More Authors

View Publication Preview PDF
Scopus (1)
Scopus Crossref