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An excerpt on the analysis of correlate constructions: Exkurs zur Analyse der Korrelatkonstruktionen
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The main idea that led me to write such research paper within the framework of Germanic linguistics is that I have not found any topic dealing with the term correlate in the German language, except in several articles in linguistic journals as well as one topic in a book describing the use of such a linguistic phenomenon in the language system. The research initially deals with the definition of the correlate at the level of the German language system. Correlate is unity describes specific relation of two sentences and identifies denoted constructs. Correlate is called a placeholder at the syntactic level because it does not occupy its original topological fields in the syntactic structure. The correlate (es) or the prepositional adverbs or adverbs can occur in the matrix clause, it is the second feature. The third categorical feature of the correlate is morphological, in that the correlate is inflexible and the last feature shows that the correlate does not confer case features on its syntactic environment, where the correlate possesses the matrix clause. The correlate can appear as the first part of the complex connector in the subordinate clause or the infinitive construction. The last feature refers to the fact that the correlate construction can be attributive in the complex sentence, whereby the sentence structure, which is the constituent of attributively formed correlate specifiers, is embedded.

The research presents the conceptual content of the linguistic expression described by the correlate, functioning as a pro-element in the major premise and considered as a dentate. It is a matter of denotation of the correlate and deictic expressions. Furthermore, the present research sheds light on the obligatory and optional use of the correlate constructions in the German sentence. In German there are correlates when using certain verbs. In addition, certain linguistic constructions or expressions require correlates of both particles and prepositional adverbs. The reasons for this are contextual and communicative aspects.

In relation to the contextual-communicative aspects such as verbs affect the connection with the correlate. She signals the connection through the grade particles. Compared to other verbs, the use of the correlate (es) is reduced. The reason for this is the appearance of degree particles as well, even, at most, only, only. This can be the case if the grading of the text passage does not focus on the extreme predicate, but rather on the infinitive construction or the subordinate clause. This was studied at work.

Then it was examined how the correlate constructions occur with certain subjunctives by dividing them into two forms, namely attributive correlate constructions and left displacement constructions. If the correlate occurs before the subjunctive phrase, it is called an attributive correlate construction. This form is also called a correlate specifier. The subjunctive phrase has the function of being an attribute for the correlate. They can be directly followed by the correlate, whereby it is possible that the correlate alone carries the main clause after deducting the so-called phrase.

Zusammenfassung

Die Hauptidee besteht darin, wie sich das Phänomen Korrelat im deutschen Sprachsystem anwenden lassen. Solche Forshchungsarbeit verortert sich im Rahmen der germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft. Da Sprachstudien – über ihre linguistische Relevanz hinaus – auch den Lernenden nützliches empirisches bzw. didaktisches Material zur Wortschatzerweiterung einen Überblick erarbeitet, spielt doch die linguistische Forschungsarbeit eine große Rolle bei der Verbesserung der Sprachkompetenz und der Syntaxverfahren. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Korrelatkonstruktionen im Deutschen. Es geht um die Konnektstellungsmöglichkeiten und topologische Felder der relevanten sprachlichen Ausdrücke in dem deutschen Text. Der Ausgangspunkt ist dezidiert die deutsche Sprache. Anhand der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Fragen gestellt, ob es kategoriale Merkmale für die Korrelatestellung gibt oder welche spachsystematischen Voraussetzungen die Anwendung des Korrelates bestimmen. Des Weiteren wird in dieser Arbeit beleuchtet, was der Grund dafür ist, dass das es als Korrelat genannt wird. Das grammatikalische es, bestimmte Adverbien wie sogar, nur und die Partikel wie auch gehören zu den unterschiedlichen Subklassen der Wortarten. Die deutschen Grammatiken gehen darin in ihren Publikationen nicht ein. Die vorliegende Forschung untersucht diese Problematik.

Die Forschung untersucht den begrifflichen Inhalt des sprachlichen Ausdrucks, den das Korrelat beschreibt, wobei es im Obersatz als Pro-Element fungiert und als Denotat betrachtet wird. Es handelt sich um Denotat des Korrelats und deiktische Ausdrücke. Des Weiteren beleuchtet die vorliegende Forschung obligatorischen und fakultativen Gebrauch der Korrelatkonstruktionen in dem deutschen Satz. Im Deutschen stehen Korrelate bei der Verwendung bestimmter Verben. Daneben fordern bestimmte sprachliche Konstruktionen bzw. Ausdrücke Korrelate sowohl Partikeln als auch Präpositionaladverbien. Die Gründe dafür sind kontextuelle sowie kommunikative Aspekte.

Received on 10/1/2023 

Accepted on 20/8/2023 

Published on 2/1/2024)

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 30 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Permeability Prediction in One of Iraqi Carbonate Reservoir Using Statistical, Hydraulic Flow Units, and ANN Methods
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   Permeability is an essential parameter in reservoir characterization because it is determined hydrocarbon flow patterns and volume, for this reason, the need for accurate and inexpensive methods for predicting permeability is important. Predictive models of permeability become more attractive as a result.

   A Mishrif reservoir in Iraq's southeast has been chosen, and the study is based on data from four wells that penetrate the Mishrif formation. This study discusses some methods for predicting permeability. The conventional method of developing a link between permeability and porosity is one of the strategies. The second technique uses flow units and a flow zone indicator (FZI) to predict the permeability of a rock mass u

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Tue Apr 01 2025
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Examining of Predictive Factors for Developing Gastroduodenal Ulcer among Patients Attending Gastrointestinal Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad
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Background and Objectives:

Duodenal and gastric ulcers remain the two most common perforations of the gastrointestinal tract and might be reduced by the early detection of predictive factors, which has limitedly researched. This study conducted to examine the predictive factors for developing of gastroduodenal ulcer among patients attending Gastrointestinal Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey with a total of 100 patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers was recruited using a nonprobability (purposive) sampling techniqu

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Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary BexZn1-xO Nano Thin Films prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique
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Mon Sep 30 2024
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Levels of Workplace-Associated Stress and Depression in Iraqi Community Pharmacists: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
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Wed Sep 14 2016
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Significance of Salivary miRNA 21 Determined by Real Time PCR in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Background: Salivary biomarkers, a non-invasive alternative method to serum and tissue based biomarkers and it is consider as an effective modality for early diagnosis. Salivary microRNA 21, a nucleotide biomarker, was reported to increase in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. This study was conducted to measure the fold change of microRNA 21 in stimulated saliva and to study its association with smoking and occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: A 20 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who used to be smokers was included in addition to 40 control subjects (20 smokers and 20 non- smokers health looking subjects). Stimulated saliva was collected under standardized condition. Salivary microRNA 21 wa

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Thu Oct 13 2016
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Brazilian Journal Of Oral Sciences
Expression of TIMP-2 in HPV-16 infected oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients in Iraq
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Aim: To determine the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the difference in its expression level between positive and negative HPV-16 (human papilloma virus- 16) OSCC patients. Methods: This study was conducted on 33 biopsies obtained from patients with OSCC and 10 normal oral mucosa as controls. In situ hybridization (ISH) was used to investigate the presence of HPV-16, while immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to estimate the expression level of TIMP-2. Results: The TIMP-2 was expressed in 27 (81.8%) of OSCC sections with no significant difference between its expression level in HPV-16 positive and HPV-16 negative OSCC cases (p=0.058). TIMP-2 was found to be hig

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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of New Heterocyclic Azo Dye and Their Complexes with Selected Metal Ion
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Coupling reaction of 4-aminoantipyrene with 8-hydroxyqunoline gave the new bidentate azo ligand 5-(4-antipyrene azo)-8-hydroxyqunoline. Treatment of this ligand with the following metals ions (MnII, CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII) in aqueous ethanol with a 1:2 M:L ratio yielded a series of neutral complexes of the general formula [M(L)2Cl2]. The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption, FT.IR, UV-Vis spectroscopic as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Chloride ion content were also evaluated by (Mohr Method). From above data, the proposed molecular structure for these complexes as octahedral geometry.

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The aim of this study to conduct the effects of fimbrial and lipopolysacchride (LPS) immunization is on the pathohistological changes in rabbits, Fifteen rabbits of both sexes (Weight 1500-2000 gm) divided into three groups (5 animals of each group). The first group was immunized by 1ml (200µg /animal) of fimbrial subcutaneously the second group gave 1 ml ( 200 µg /animal) LPS while the third group was left as negative control group that injected 1 ml phosphate buffer control subcutaneously. First and second groups recived the same dose after two weeks give as booster dose. All animals challenged after 5 weeks of immunization by5X107CFU/ml Proteus vulgaris intra peritoneally .After 7 days from challenge all the animals, sacrificed for hi

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Tue Jan 01 2013
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Cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of leinamycin Produced by Streptomyces atroolivaceous THS-44 isolate from Iraqi soli
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Leinamycin is a thiol dependent DNA alkylating agent which shows very potent activity against various cancer cell lines. This natural compound forms guanine adducts (N7) in DNA which are converted into a basic sites and simultaneously generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), to produce DNA strand breaks in human cancer cells. In present study, eight different strains isolated from Iraqi soils were taxonomically assigned as Streptomyces.atroolivaceous. Remarkably the strain named as THS-44 was distinguished in productivity in comparison with other strains; the amount of leinamycin was 50.98 mg/l. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxic activity of leinamycin against RD and ANM3 cancer cell line in compare with REF cell line as a normal cont

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