Background: Open access gastroduodenoscopy allows general practitioners to request gastroduodenoscopy without prior referral to a specialist. Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract in experienced hands has definite advantages over conventional barium-meal examination.
Patients and Methods: A total of 266 patients who were referred directly from general practitioner or a specialist attending for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to the Endoscopy Unit At Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital from September- 2008 to Feb-2010 as an open access policy. Six inclusion criteria were used to include patients in our study group , while 136 patients had underwent EGD were referred from outpatient clinics of the hospital by specialist after screening and filtration were included in the study. Data were obtained from patients include chief complaint and duration and full history of present illness with special emphasis on age, gender, symptoms (abdominal pain, vomiting, loss of weight or appetite, hematemesis, melena, dysphagia), and history of present medications. EGD was done for all patients with gastroscope Pentax EG-2985K2.8.
Results: Two hundred sixty six patients were included in the study and underwent EGD . One hundred thirty EGDs were done in this study as an open access EGD policy while 136 EGD were done for patients who were referred from outpatient clinics of the hospital. In open access EGD policy, 66.15% of patients were males and 33.85% patients were females. The most commonly affected age group which showed abnormal endoscopic findings were in the second decade of life (20-29 years) 22.31% of cases; the chief complaint was epigastric pain in 87.69% of patients. Normal EGD was found in 23.07% of patients while pathological lesions were seen in 76.93% of patients. Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) was the most common condition encountered by EGD (33.08%). While 136 patients referred from outpatient clinics of the hospital underwent EGD, 68.38% of patients were males and 31.62% of patients were females, most of the patients were in the third decade of life (28.67%), normal EGD was found in 44.12% of patients. Chronic active DU and GERD were the most common diagnoses 12.5%, 11.76% respectively.
Conclusions: The clinical assessment and the strict application of the six inclusion criteria in open access EGD policy increase the yield of diagnosis of pathological lesions and decrease the number of unnecessary EGDs in our study.
Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy is a monthly Peer-review open access Journal,different scientists involved in Pharmaceutical research and development
BACKGROUND: The degree of the development of coronary collaterals is long considered an alternate–that is, a collateral–source of blood supply to an area of the myocardium threatened with vascular ischemia or insufficiency. Hence, the coronary collaterals are beneficial but can also promote harmful (adverse) effects. For instance, the coronary steal effect during the myocardial hyperemia phase and that of restenosis following coronary angioplasty.
Background: The access cavity is a critical stage in root canal therapy and it may influence the subsequent steps of the treatment. The new minimally invasive endodontic access cavity preparation concept aims to preserve sound tooth structure by conserving as much intact dentine as possible including the pulp chamber's roof, to keep the teeth from fracturing during and after endodontic treatment. While there is great interest in such access opening designs in numerous publications, still there is a lack of scientific evidence to support the application of such modern access cavity designs in clinical practice. This review aims to critically examine the literature on minimal access cavity preparations, explain the effect of minimally inva
... Show MoreHS Saeed, SS Abdul-Jabbar, SG Mohammed, EA Abed, HS Ibrahem, Solid State Technology, 2020
The purpose of this paper is to study new types of open sets in bitopological spaces. We shall introduce the concepts of L- pre-open and L-semi-p-open sets
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... Show More<p><span>Medium access control (MAC) protocol design plays a crucial role to increase the performance of wireless communications and networks. The channel access mechanism is provided by MAC layer to share the medium by multiple stations. Different types of wireless networks have different design requirements such as throughput, delay, power consumption, fairness, reliability, and network density, therefore, MAC protocol for these networks must satisfy their requirements. In this work, we proposed two multiplexing methods for modern wireless networks: Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA). The first research method namely Massive MIMO uses a massive numbe
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