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A Comparative Study of the Effects of Age and Smoking on Nail Growth Rate in Healthy Individuals
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Background: The nail organ has an important functional and aesthetic importance. Nail Growth Rate (NGR) has attracted the attention of many investigators not only due to the importance of the nail apparatus but also as a tool to reflect health.
Objective: To study the effects of smoking and age on nail growth.
Patients and methods:The study was conducted at the Department of Physiology and the Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad during the period from January 2011 to May 2011.
Nail growth measurement was performed by etching a T – mark on the nail plate of the right and the left thumbs with a wide bore needle. The vertical distance between the point of meeting of the T and the proximal nail fold was measured using (vernier). A second measurement was performed one month later. The difference between the 2 readings was divided by the number of days between the readings to give the NGR.
Results:The NGR was measured in a total of 106 subjects. The subjects were divided into 3 groups:
Group1 (Smoker male subjects): 23 subjects were included in this group. Their ages ranged between 20 and 59 years with a mean of 35.87 +11.72 years. Group 2 (Non-smoker male subjects): 34 subjects were included. Their ages ranged between 13 and 52 years with a mean of 31.76 + 10.16 years.Group 3 (Non-smoker female subjects): 49 subjects were included. Their ages ranged between 8 and 58 years with a mean of 27.49 +11.66 years. NGR measurement in:
Group 1:The mean growth rate in the right thumb was 95.4 + 28.8 microns/day, and for the left thumb was 96 + 34 microns/day.
Group 2:The NGR was 105.6 + 34.35, and 103.4 + 34.24 microns /day, for the right thumb and the left thumb respectively. .
Group 3: The NGR was 100 .5 + 33.52 microns/day for the right thumb and 101.6 + 31.77 microns /day for the left thumb.
Conclusion: Age was inversely correlated with nail growth in right and left thumbs in all groups. The duration of smoking and number of cigarettes was inversely related to nail growth, but it did not reach statistical significance.

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 15 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
mbalance between the executive and legislative branches In the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for 2005: A comparative study
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The most important right parliamentary system features it is based on three key elements must be met in order for this system is characterized by Balbrlmana, and these features lie in cooperation and balance between the executive and legislative branches also lies in the equality between the two branches, and this can not be achieved unless there is a mutual understanding between them, and this understanding can only be achieved if all possessed the power of the media and the influence of pressure is what makes other power stands at a certain point

Therefore constitutional rules came in this system to decide the legislative authority of certain rights exercised in the face of the executive branch and check use effective on its wo

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 24 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Right to Strike for State and Private Sector Employees in Iraqi Legislation : A comparative study
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The majority of constitutions stipulate and regulate public rights and freedoms in them, including the right to strike as one of the means of expressing an opinion, which public officials or workers resort to in the labor law in order to improve their working conditions and achieve legitimate professional demands while continuing the work of the public facility, However, his capacity as a public servant imposes some restrictions on him in his exercise of political freedoms, including the right to strike because it intersects with the principle of the continuation of the regular and steady functioning of public utilities, which governs the work of public utilities in satisfying the public needs of individuals. The Iraqi legislator permitt

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 02 2006
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
exercise induced growth hormone and the effect of age and oxidative stress parameters in Iraqi subjects
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Background:

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analytical Study Compared Between Poisson and Poisson Hierarchical Model and Applied in Healthy Field
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Through this research, We have tried to evaluate the health programs and their effectiveness in improving the health situation through a study of the health institutions reality in Baghdad to identify the main reasons that affect the increase in maternal mortality by using two regression models, "Poisson's Regression Model" and "Hierarchical Poisson's Regression Model". And the study of that indicator (deaths) was through a comparison between the estimation methods of the used models. The "Maximum Likelihood" method was used to estimate the "Poisson's Regression Model"; whereas the "Full Maximum Likelihood" method were used for the "Hierarchical Poisson's Regression Model

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 24 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Penal requirement in the contracts of professional players: comparative study
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          Sport is generally no longer merely a game of entertainment, but it is a work of the player for the sports club contracted by him. The player is no longer regarded as a means of entertainment and physical development, but is seen as an economic Which is to gain a return for the effort, and because of the spread of the phenomenon of professionalism in the field of sports, emerged sporting contracts coupled with penal conditions as a means to regulate the relationship between the player and the sports club is the contract transfer professional player and his loan, and his professional contract, which concerns us in this regard is to address the J Loyalty) contained in the contract betw

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 28 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Law And Humanities Sciences
Fair compensation for expropriation for the public benefit (A comparative study)
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The right to property is one of the most fundamental rights enjoyed by individuals, and most national constitutions and laws, as well as international conventions, have to be respected and protected only in accordance with the economic and social development of the country (the so-called public benefit) and in return for just compensation. What is fair compensation?

Publication Date
Mon Dec 25 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The dialectic of the intercourse and the female's lack of consent elements in the crime of rape in Bahraini law: A comparative study
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The crime of rape is based on three pillars, the objective pillar which is the act of intercourse, the victim’s lack of consent pillar, and the subjective pillar, which is in the form of criminal intent, and since rape is an intentional crime, there is stability in the legal trend on its content, which is the knowledge of the perpetrator and his willingness to sexually assault the victim without consent.

However, there are many controversial issues regarding the act of sexual assault and the lack of the victim’s consent which are studied in this article.  As the difference in the definition of sexual intercourse leads to the exclusion of many acts from the concept of the crime of rape, such as the difference in what is m

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Grammatical Behaviour and Uses of Negative and Prohibitive Particles in Semitic Languages: A Comparative Semitic Study
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      Grammatical particles are so important in understanding a text and its meaning in linguistic context. This paper  " Grammatical Behavior and Uses of Negative and Prohibitive Particles in Semitic Languages: A Comparative Semitic Study"

      tackles  a very important topic in Semitic languages. Comparative studies in Semitic languages shed light on  phenomena in different languages that are related or have one common origin. No doubt, such studies have their own effects on language study in general especially when studying a specific phenomenon and explaining it by reliance on the one origin, or by investigating the various phases of its historical development.

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Parts of hire contract to supply specific software: Comparative Study
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The aim of this study is to know the capability of the Iraqi system law, to organize contracts of supplying software especially the contract of designing or developing software, according to the requirements of somebody. The  specific software features than typical software, where the later imported as a goods, while the incoming contract to designing or developing specific software represents employment contract, in this case leads to a complicated problems of the type of contract, the later contract may interact with sale contract and lease contract. Hire contract applies to the contract of this study, where supplier to these software is contractor and the person who designed the required software, as a result this study can be di

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 31 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Evidence- Based Premature Termination Implicit: Comparative Study in Contract Theory
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For the premature termination of the contract is the creditor’s ability to request the termination of the contract due to the debtor’s breach of the execution date based on the debtor’s explicitness not to perform upon the occurrence of this date or because of a presumption proving that breach. Or return it to the extent of the creditor’s ability to prove what he claims, and thus the burden of proof falls on the creditor.

There is no difficulty in proving the debtor's declaration of non-performance, but the difficulty lies in proving the perceived breach in the future, that is, the creditor concludes earlier on the date of implementation that the debtor will breach his obligation and therefore the creditor does not obtain

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