الحمد لله رب العالمين فاتحة كل خير وتمام كل نعمة ، والصلاة والسلام على خير الأنام رسوله محمد بن عبد الله وعلى اله الأطهار وصحبه الأخيار أما بعد:

تكتسب الصياغة التشريعية أهمية متزايدة في مجال الدراسات القانونية سواء من ناحية فهم عملية إنشاء القاعدة القانونية أو من ناحية تطبيقها على يد المشتغلين في القانون من أساتذة القانون والقضاة والمحامين ، بل أن الصياغة التشريعية غدت مادة تدرس في كثير من كليات القانو

Borrowing in linguistics refers to the process whereby a group of speakers incorporates certain foreign linguistic components into their home language via a process known as linguistic borrowing. The process by which these foreign linguistic elements, known as loanwords, go through phonological, morphological, or semantic changes in order for them to fit the grammar of the recipient language is referred to as loanword adaptation. Loanwords go through these changes in order for them to become compatible with the grammar of the recipient language. One of the most divisive topics in loanword phonology is whether adaptations occur at the phonemic or phonetic levels, and current literature distinguishes three primary viewpoints: nativiza

This research aims at identifying the level of Reflective Judgment for University students in term of gender and stage. To this end, the researcher used Khaleel's scale (2016) for the Reflective Judgment. The scale was administered to the sample of the study which is (200) male and female level first-fourth university students. The results have shown that university students are on the level five of the Reflective Judgment, and the first-stage students have reflective judgment more than fourth-stage students. In the light of these results, the researcher has come with a number of recommendations and suggestions.     

The aim of the research is to study the biology, life cycles, distribution and structure of the reproductive organ of Leucozonella retteri in natural conditions. Zoological and malacological methods are used in the work. The collection of the material was carried out according to A.A. Shileiko method. According to the results of the conducted studies, the differences between Leucozonella retteri and other species in the structure of the reproductive organ were manifested in the following. The lower part of the sperm is straight, the ovary is slightly curved. The paw pad is 8, located in 4x2 positions. The stylophore is large spherical. The vagina is cylindrical, its length is 5-6 times greater than the width. The penis is large and conve

The Internet is the hallmark of the age of technology and this technology is complemented by the presence of software which is one of the basic components of the operation of the network and it is used in almost all daily life aspects such as industry, commerce and others. Because the digital documents and objects can be easily replicated and distributed at an economically low cost and as the software is a type of digital object, the problem of software watermarking risen as related to how to protect data from piracy. Therefore, various techniques have been developed to protect codes from misusing and unauthorized alteration. Each of them is known as watermarking technology that protects data by inserting secret information into software

The diagnoses system of varicose disease has a good level of performance due to the complexity and uniqueness in patterns of vein of the leg. In addition, the patterns of vein are internal of the body, and its features are hard to duplicate, this reason make this method not easy to fake, and thus make it contains of a good features for varicose disease diagnoses. The proposed system used more than one type of algorithms to produce diagnoses system of varicose disease with high accuracy, in addition, this multi-algorithm technique based on veins as a factor to recognize varicose infection. The obtained results indicate that the design of varicose diagnoses system by applying multi- algorithms (Naïve Bayes and Back-Propagation) produced new

Our active aim in this paper is to prove the following Let Ŕ be a ring having an
idempotent element e(e  0,e 1) . Suppose that R is a subring of Ŕ which
satisfies:
(i) eR  R and Re  R .
(ii) xR  0 implies x  0 .
(iii ) eRx  0 implies x  0( and hence Rx  0 implies x  0) .
(iv) exeR(1 e)  0 implies exe  0 .
If D is a derivable map of R satisfying D(R )  R ;i, j 1,2. ij ij Then D is
additive. This extend Daif's result to the case R need not contain any non-zero
idempotent element.

This article dealt with the evolutionary interpretation in three parts: First, it focused on the conceptual framework of evolutionary interpretation of International Treaties, its philosophical and legal foundation and its determinants. As for the second topic, it dealt with the position of the International Court of Justice from the evolutionary interpretation, studying and analyzing its precedents in this aspect and the resulting proposed and adopted criteria. The third topic dealt with the position of the judiciary of human rights through analyzing the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter - American Court of Human Rights based on the criteria that were produced by the judicial practices, which varied according t

This work, in fact, is an English language teaching study (henceforth, ELT) which may provide the inspiration for much –needed research on issues such as testing students' level of achievement in articulatory phonetics at the university level. It attempts to answer two questions: 1)What is college students' level of achievement in articulatory phonetics? 2- Are there any statistical significant differences in the achievement of college students in articulatory phonetics between the production and recognition testing techniques? This research falls into three sections: Section one indicates the problem, the aims, the hypotheses, the procedures, the limits and the value of the study. Section two provides a general overview of the articul