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Correlation between the histopathological grade and size of breast cancer with axillary lymph node involvement
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Background: Breast cancer account for 29% of all newly diagnosed cancer in female and is responsible for 14% of cancer related deaths in women. Breast cancer is basically detected either during a screening tests, before symptoms have appeared, or after a woman notices a mass. Overall risk doubles each decade until the menopause, when the increase slows down or remains stable.
Objective: to find the correlation between the tumor size and grade and involvement of axillary lymph node.
Patients and methods: a continuous prospective study of 50 patients from 1st January 2016 to 1st January 2017 in Baghdad teaching hospital at 1st surgical floor, where almost all patients with breast cancer operated on by modified radical mastectomy and axillary clearance included in the study.
Results: the commonest age group was 5th decade with 32% of patients followed by 6th decade with 28% of patients. The most common histological type was IDC with 78% and 22% of patients were ILC. The most common stage at presentation was stage II A with 32% of patients followed by stage III A with 28% of patients. Tumor size between (2-5)cm (T2) was the most common with 68% of patients. Grade II was the commonest histological grade in this study with 68% of patients. Axillary lymph nodes (ALN) involvement increase as tumor size increase, it was 50% in T1, 55.8% in T2, 88.8% in T3 and 100% in T4. Grade I associate with 25% +ve ALN, grade II 55.8% and 100% in grade III.
Conclusion: The majority of patients in this study were in fifth and sixth decades. There is delay in presentation of patients as evidenced by the most common tumor size being T2 and the most common stage being stage II A& stage III A.IDC was the most common histological type. The most common grade was grade II. The larger the tumor the more incidence of ALN involvement, also the higher grade of the tumor associate with more ALN involvement.

خلفية البحث: سرطان الثدي يمثل ۲۹% من مجموع حالات السرطان المشخصة حديثا في الاناث وهو مسؤول عن۱٤% من الوفيات الناجمة عن السرطان في النساء. وعادة ما يتم الكشف عن سرطان الثدي أما اثناء الفحص, قبل ظهور الأعراض , او بعد ان تلاحظ المرأة وجود تورمز الخطر الكلي للأصابة يتضاعف كل عشر سنوات حتى سن اليأس , عندها تتباطأ الزيادة او تبقى مستقرة.

الهدف من الدراسة: للعثور على العلاقة بين حجم الورم والدرجة النسيجية وتورط العقد اللمفاوية الأبطية.

المرضى وطريقة العمل: دراسة استطلاعية متواصلة من1 كانون الثاني 2016 الى 1 كانون الثاني 2017 في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي , الطابق الجراحي الأول , حيث تم شمول تقريبا كل المرضى الذين يعانون من سرطان الثدي الذين أجري لهم أستئصال الثدي مع تنظيف الأبط .

النتائج: كانت الفئة العمرية الأكثر شيوعا هي العقد الخامس بنسبة 32% من المرضى تليها العقد السادس بنسبة 28% من المرضى. كان النوع النسيجي القنوي الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 78% وكانت نسبة 22% من المرضى من النوع الغدي. وكانت المرحلة الأكثر شيوعا هي المرحلة 2 بنسبة 32% من المرضى تليها المرحلة 3 بنسبة 28% من المرضى. وكان حجم الورم بين (5-2)سم الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 68% من المرضى. كانت الدرجة النسيجية 2 هي الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 68%. تورط العقد اللمفاوية يزداد بأزدياد حجم الورم والدرجة النسيجية فهو 50% في T1 و 55.8% في T2 و 88.8% في T3 و 100% في T4. وكانت نسبة تورط العقد اللمفاوية 25% في الدرجة النسيجية 1 و 55.8% في الدرجة النسيجية 2 و 100% في الدرجة النسيجية 3.

الاستنتاج: الاغلبية في هذه الدراسة تتراوح اعمارهم بين العقد الخامس والسادس. هناك تاخير واضح للمرضى في الحضور لغرض الكشف عن المرض حيث ان اغلبية حجم المرض هو  تي 2   والمرحلة الشائعة للمرض هي الثانية اي  واغلبية الفحص النسيجي هي سرطان داخل القناة الخبيث واغلبية رتبة الورم النسيجية هي الرتبة الثانية وكلما زاد حجم الورم زادت معه قابلية اصابة الغدد اللمفاوية الابطية وكذلك كلما زادت رتبة الورم النسيجية زادت معه قابلية اضابة الغدد اللمفاوية الابطية بشكل اكبر.   

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Al-rafidain University College For Sciences ( Print Issn: 1681-6870 ,online Issn: 2790-2293 )
The Use of Logistic Regression Model in Estimating the Probability of Being Affected By Breast Cancer Based On the Levels of Interleukins and Cancer Marker CA15-3
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Breast cancer has got much attention in the recent years as it is a one of the complex diseases that can threaten people lives. It can be determined from the levels of secreted proteins in the blood. In this project, we developed a method of finding a threshold to classify the probability of being affected by it in a population based on the levels of the related proteins in relatively small case-control samples. We applied our method to simulated and real data. The results showed that the method we used was accurate in estimating the probability of being diseased in both simulation and real data. Moreover, we were able to calculate the sensitivity and specificity under the null hypothesis of our research question of being diseased o

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Publication Date
Sun Apr 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
The Correlation between CMV Infection and Hypertension in Iraqi Patients
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In order to study the correlation between CMV infection and increase in blood pressure among Iraqi patients, 201 blood samples were collected including; 88 male, 113 female hypertensive patients and 40 control samples. Patients sera were grouped into patients who are under medication (T), and patients who do not take any treat-ment for hypertension(NT). Samples were tested for CMV-IgM/IgG by ELISA, ren-in enzyme and interleukin-6(IL-6) levels were determined by ELISA too. The opti-cal density readings difference for CMV-IgG were significant between (T) and (NT) groups as well as when each group compared to control, level of renin enzyme showed significant difference between patients group(T and NT) and between each group compared to the

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison between the empirical bayes method with moments method to estimate the affiliation parameter in the clinical trials using simulation
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In this research the Empirical Bayes method is used to Estimate the affiliation parameter in the clinical trials and then we compare this with the Moment Estimates for this parameter using Monte Carlo stimulation , we assumed that the distribution of the observation is binomial distribution while the distribution with the unknown random parameters is beta distribution ,finally we conclude that the Empirical bayes method for the random affiliation parameter is efficient using Mean Squares Error (MSE) and for different Sample size .

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 02 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
The association between HL. A class II and iraqi leukemic patients.
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Background: Leukemia isba type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow that is characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells.

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 23 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Impact and Association of Anaemia Severity and Its Treatment With Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients in Malaysia
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Anaemia is a crucial issue among cancer patients and need to be treated properly. High incidence of anaemia in patients with cancer have been associated with several physiological manifestations, leading to decreased quality of life (QOL).

The current study aimed to assess the severity of anaemia, evaluate the current treatment guideline of anaemia, and to determine the association between the level of anaemia and its treatment on quality of life of breast cancer patients in Malaysia. This prospective study conducted among breast cancer patients in multicancer centers in Malaysia including three follow ups after receiving their chemotherapy. Clinical data were collected from their medical records and at each follow up, they asked

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 15 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Best Way to Detect Breast Cancer by UsingMachine Learning Algorithms
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Breast cancer is the second deadliest disease infected women worldwide. For this
reason the early detection is one of the most essential stop to overcomeit dependingon
automatic devices like artificial intelligent. Medical applications of machine learning
algorithmsare mostly based on their ability to handle classification problems,
including classifications of illnesses or to estimate prognosis. Before machine
learningis applied for diagnosis, it must be trained first. The research methodology
which isdetermines differentofmachine learning algorithms,such as Random tree,
ID3, CART, SMO, C4.5 and Naive Bayesto finds the best training algorithm result.
The contribution of this research is test the data set with mis

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Estimation of Serum CD200 and CD200R1 Levels in a Sample of Iraqi Women with Breast Cancer: Their Role as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers
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Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. CD200 is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed on many cells, it belongs to the immunoglobulin family (Ig) and have a great role in the regulation of inflammation in autoimmunity. CD200 is the ligand for CD200R1 receptor. To determine if serum level of CD200 and its receptor CD200R1 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with breast cancer.This case control study was carried out at Oncology Teaching Hospital – Medical city in Baghdad. Six groups were enrolled, four groups were confirmed with breast cancer stage (I, II, III and IV), fifth group (benign) and sixth group was control (healthy individual). Serum is divided to me

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 25 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
The Correlation between the Dimensions of Organizational Silence and the F Function Life an Exploratory Study of the Views of a Sample of Workers in the Health Center / Sulaykh: The Correlation between the Dimensions of Organizational Silence and the F Function Life an Exploratory Study of the Views of a Sample of Workers in the Health Center / Sulaykh
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The research aims to test the effect of the behavioral factors (intangible) represented by an explanatory variable represented by organizational silence and a responsive variable of quality of Function life. The problem was the negative effects of the organizational silence on the morale of the employees and consequently their performance and the quality of function life. To collect the data and information needed to measure the two variables of research conducted in the health center / Sulaikh by taking a sample of (40) employees to test the hypotheses of research through the survey of their views, using statistical tools non parametric using the program. The most important recommendations were the establishment of training workshops fo

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 23 2018
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Determination of Integrinα2 (ITGA2), Progesterone, Prolactin, Estradiol, Zinc and Vitamin C in Serum of Female Iraqi Patients with Breast Cancer
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Back ground: Cancer is the second leading cause of death throughout the world. Breast cancer, is one of the leading mortality reasons in women from Western Countries, in Iraq, breast cancer is the second reason of death After cardiovascular Diseases.

Material and method:

The study was carried out of period from October/2016-january /2017 and  included (90) serum samples for Iraqi women suffered from breast cancer . Samples were divided into two groups ,the first group included (66) patients (females) their age rang (22-55) years which attended to (tumor unit) at medical city educational oncology hospital and Al-Amal Al-Waatanii hospital in Baghdad ,the second group included (38) for

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 03 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Health Sciences
Correlation between oxidative stress and clopidogrel drug in Iraqi patients with coronary artery disease
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Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the largest causes of mortality worldwide. Clopidogrel, antiplatelet drug, has been widely used for management of CAD. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of clopidogrel on the oxidative stress in CAD patients. Methods: One hundred CAD patients, who were followed-up for 5 days after receiving clopidogrel, and 50 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Parameters include catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), total protein, albumin, and globulins were determined before and after treatment with clopidogrel. Results: CAT, TAC, and Tp were significantly decreased (P<0.0001) in CAD patients compared to healthy control and

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