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Correlation between the histopathological grade and size of breast cancer with axillary lymph node involvement
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Background: Breast cancer account for 29% of all newly diagnosed cancer in female and is responsible for 14% of cancer related deaths in women. Breast cancer is basically detected either during a screening tests, before symptoms have appeared, or after a woman notices a mass. Overall risk doubles each decade until the menopause, when the increase slows down or remains stable.
Objective: to find the correlation between the tumor size and grade and involvement of axillary lymph node.
Patients and methods: a continuous prospective study of 50 patients from 1st January 2016 to 1st January 2017 in Baghdad teaching hospital at 1st surgical floor, where almost all patients with breast cancer operated on by modified radical mastectomy and axillary clearance included in the study.
Results: the commonest age group was 5th decade with 32% of patients followed by 6th decade with 28% of patients. The most common histological type was IDC with 78% and 22% of patients were ILC. The most common stage at presentation was stage II A with 32% of patients followed by stage III A with 28% of patients. Tumor size between (2-5)cm (T2) was the most common with 68% of patients. Grade II was the commonest histological grade in this study with 68% of patients. Axillary lymph nodes (ALN) involvement increase as tumor size increase, it was 50% in T1, 55.8% in T2, 88.8% in T3 and 100% in T4. Grade I associate with 25% +ve ALN, grade II 55.8% and 100% in grade III.
Conclusion: The majority of patients in this study were in fifth and sixth decades. There is delay in presentation of patients as evidenced by the most common tumor size being T2 and the most common stage being stage II A& stage III A.IDC was the most common histological type. The most common grade was grade II. The larger the tumor the more incidence of ALN involvement, also the higher grade of the tumor associate with more ALN involvement.

خلفية البحث: سرطان الثدي يمثل ۲۹% من مجموع حالات السرطان المشخصة حديثا في الاناث وهو مسؤول عن۱٤% من الوفيات الناجمة عن السرطان في النساء. وعادة ما يتم الكشف عن سرطان الثدي أما اثناء الفحص, قبل ظهور الأعراض , او بعد ان تلاحظ المرأة وجود تورمز الخطر الكلي للأصابة يتضاعف كل عشر سنوات حتى سن اليأس , عندها تتباطأ الزيادة او تبقى مستقرة.

الهدف من الدراسة: للعثور على العلاقة بين حجم الورم والدرجة النسيجية وتورط العقد اللمفاوية الأبطية.

المرضى وطريقة العمل: دراسة استطلاعية متواصلة من1 كانون الثاني 2016 الى 1 كانون الثاني 2017 في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي , الطابق الجراحي الأول , حيث تم شمول تقريبا كل المرضى الذين يعانون من سرطان الثدي الذين أجري لهم أستئصال الثدي مع تنظيف الأبط .

النتائج: كانت الفئة العمرية الأكثر شيوعا هي العقد الخامس بنسبة 32% من المرضى تليها العقد السادس بنسبة 28% من المرضى. كان النوع النسيجي القنوي الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 78% وكانت نسبة 22% من المرضى من النوع الغدي. وكانت المرحلة الأكثر شيوعا هي المرحلة 2 بنسبة 32% من المرضى تليها المرحلة 3 بنسبة 28% من المرضى. وكان حجم الورم بين (5-2)سم الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 68% من المرضى. كانت الدرجة النسيجية 2 هي الأكثر شيوعا بنسبة 68%. تورط العقد اللمفاوية يزداد بأزدياد حجم الورم والدرجة النسيجية فهو 50% في T1 و 55.8% في T2 و 88.8% في T3 و 100% في T4. وكانت نسبة تورط العقد اللمفاوية 25% في الدرجة النسيجية 1 و 55.8% في الدرجة النسيجية 2 و 100% في الدرجة النسيجية 3.

الاستنتاج: الاغلبية في هذه الدراسة تتراوح اعمارهم بين العقد الخامس والسادس. هناك تاخير واضح للمرضى في الحضور لغرض الكشف عن المرض حيث ان اغلبية حجم المرض هو  تي 2   والمرحلة الشائعة للمرض هي الثانية اي  واغلبية الفحص النسيجي هي سرطان داخل القناة الخبيث واغلبية رتبة الورم النسيجية هي الرتبة الثانية وكلما زاد حجم الورم زادت معه قابلية اصابة الغدد اللمفاوية الابطية وكذلك كلما زادت رتبة الورم النسيجية زادت معه قابلية اضابة الغدد اللمفاوية الابطية بشكل اكبر.   

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 13 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of Women's Knowledge about Risk Factors and Early Detection of Breast Cancer at Ibn Rushd College of Education in Baghdad University
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Objective: Evaluation of women's knowledge about risk factors and early detection of breast cancer at
Ibn Rushd college of education in Baghdad University.
Methodology: The study sample included (184) women in the Ibn Rushd College / University of
Baghdad, whose age ranged between (17-58) years. Data were collected through a structured
questionnaire prepared by the National Cancer Research Center which were answered during a scientific
symposium about breast cancer. The score was calculated by correcting the results of the answer, giving
one score for each correct answer and then estimating the level of knowledge and inputting all data in a
statistical program.
Results: The results showed limited level of women's

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
The Egyptian Journal Of Hospital Medicine
The Effects of Soft Laser on Some Blood Parameters of Patients with Breast Cancer
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Background: Soft Laser has been advantageous in medical applications and is widely used in clinical practice. It is applied because it doesn’t cause the significant thermal effects or tissue hurt when irradiated. The blood response to low power laser radiation provides information about processes of laser radiation interaction with live creatures. Objective: The aim of the current work was to evaluate the laser-induced changes of in vitro erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in patients with breast cancer by irradiating a human blood sample using a green laser and comparing its effects before and after irradiation with the same power density (100mW/c

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 26 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Community Medicine
Awareness and Expectation of Breast Reconstruction Surgery among Female with Breast Cancer in Baghdad Governorate 2022
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Abstract Background:Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide. Although mastectomy is considered the treatment of choice for the majority of cases of breast cancer; a noticeable percentage of breast cancer survivors claim they were never advised about reconstruction. It has been proven that breast reconstruction helps breast cancer survivors to overcome the trauma of their diagnosis and improve their psychological well-being.Objectives: To assess the level of awareness and expectations regarding breast reconstruction surgery among female with breast cancer survivors in Baghdad, and to find if there is association between sociodemographic data and expectations of breast reconstruction.Methodology: This is a cross sectional stu

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 26 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Detection of Serum Ferritin in Women with Breast Cancer
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Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in females. In Iraq there are noticeable elevation in incidence rates and prevalence of advanced stages of breast cancer. Ferritin is intracellular iron storage protein abundant in circulation and its main application in differential diagnosis of anemia.

The level of serum ferritin was found raised in various cancers including breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess whether the serum ferritin concentration would be altered in Iraqi women with breast cancer and it could be related to progression of disease.

Sixty eight females participated in this study. The mean age of these females was 53.25± 9.52 .The level of serum ferritin was measured in 24

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Publication Date
Wed May 10 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Estimation of ALP, GPT and GOT Activities in Iraqi Patients Female With Breast Cancer
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To investigate the activity and role of certain enzyme markers in 30 patients female with breast cancer (non-treated, treated, and treatment with recovered).The serum activity of enzyme tumor markers (ALP, GPT and GOT) of (30) patients with breast cancer, and (7) healthy control subjects by using statistical analysis: There is significant difference higher in activity of serum enzyme tumor markers (ALP, GPT, and GOT) in all patients as compared with healthy control

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison between some of linear classification models with practical application
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Linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression are the most widely used in multivariate statistical methods for analysis of data with categorical outcome variables .Both of them are appropriate for the development of linear  classification models .linear discriminant analysis has been that the data of explanatory variables must be distributed multivariate normal distribution. While logistic regression no assumptions on the distribution of the explanatory data. Hence ,It is assumed that logistic regression is the more flexible and more robust method in case of violations of these assumptions.

In this paper we have been focus for the comparison between three forms for classification data belongs

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 28 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Estimation of the relationship between the time delay of mastectomy and the stage of breast cancer among a group of infected Iraqi females
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This study assesses the delay of mastectomy "time from the first consultation of a doctor to the time of mastectomy" and its relationship with the stage of the disease among Iraqi women with breast cancer. A study was carried out on (113) women who were referred to the Outpatient Clinic of the Oncology Teaching Hospital and the Iraqi National Cancer Research Center, University of Baghdad, for the period from 2012 to 2016.Patients' age range between (40-49) years comprised (60.2%) of cases, and showed advanced tumor stage (62.96%)of stage III. It was found that infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common type of breast cancer that found in (77%) of cases.

Mostly there was no delay of mastectomy for more than one month delay

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 18 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Biomarker Significance of Serum CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL16 in Breast Tumors of Iraqi Patients
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The biomarker significance of three chemokines (CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL16) was evaluated in sera of 45 breast cancer (BC) and 28 benign breast lesion (BBL) patients, as well as 20 control women. Clinical stage and tumor expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) receptors were considered in this evaluation. The results demonstrated that CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL16 showed a significant increased median in BC and BBL patients compared to control (CXCL8: 47.3 and 25.7 vs. 15.0; CXCL10: 37.6 and 30.7 vs. 13.1; CXCL16; 27.9 and 25.2 vs. 19.2 pg/ml, respectively). The increased levels of CXCL8 and CXCL16 were more pronounced in triple-negative and HER-2 positive p

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 13 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Evaluation of College of Nursing Affiliates’ Knowledge about Lung Cancer and its Relationship with Smoking
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Objective: To evaluate knowledge towards smoking and its relationship with lung cancer among members of
Baghdad Nursing College.
Methodology: The study comprised 100 affiliates from the College of Nursing/ University of Baghdad that
included students, teaching staff and employees. All data was collected through a structured questionnaire
prepared by the National Cancer Research Center which were answered during a scientific symposium
organized by the center on lung Cancer Awareness in March 2016.The data were analyzed by using the SPSS,
version 22
Results: The age of the respondents ranged from (19-64 years); 76% were females and only 4% were smokers.
The results showed that the mean score for the level of knowled

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 26 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Study of β-Catenin as Immunohistochemistry Marker in Women with Breast Cancer
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Background & Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent disease among women around the world, considered the world's leading cause of death (15% of the total cancer deaths) in women in 2018. β-catenin is a multifunctional protein located in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of the cell. Several studies suggested that β-catenin expression plays a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. This research sought to examine β-catenin expression in breast cancer and its associations with clinico-pathological features (such as histopathological types, grade, and invasion depth of tumor as well as lymph node involvement) and breast cancer patient survival. Methods:

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