Background: Reflux laryngitis has gain a lot of attention in the last three decades as a possible explanation of idiopathic laryngeal problems.Acid suppressive therapy can
be of use in both the therapeutic and the diagnostic fields.The use of Omeprazole has proved to be of benefit in the diagnosis and treatment of reflux laryngitis.The
response to 12weeks course of Omeprazole is considered by many authors to be one of the diagnostic tooles of reflux laryngitis.
Aim: Is to study the effect of Omeprazole in the treatment of laryngeal manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study of 37 patients attending Alkadhimiyah teaching hospital,department of otolalyn

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most challenging tumors because of their relative inaccessibility and that their spread can occur without significant symptoms with few signs, but Radiotherapy (RT) has a role in treatment of it.
Objectives: To show that RT is still the modality of choice in the treatment of NPC, to study modes of presentations, commonest histopathological types and their percentages, to show differences in the sensitivities of these types to RT and to find out a 5 year survival rate(5YSR) and its relation with lymph node involvement.
Methods: This is a retrospective study of 44 patients with NPC who were treated with routine RT from 1988-2007 at the institute of radiology and nuclear medicin

Background: Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is
an important post-thyroidectomy complication for
which different modalities of treatment were
practiced to lower its incidence.
Objectives: To estimate the incidence of
recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in thyroid surgeries
in relation to type of surgery, type of gland diseases
& nerve identification.
Methods: Different types of goiters prepared
preoperatively by indirect laryngoscopy, operated
upon with different types of surgeries, postoperative
direct laryngoscopy by the anaesthetist were done
and indirect laryngoscopy done as needed.
Results: Of of 200 patients, the overall incidence
of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was 9
Patients (4.5%

Background: The world health organization estimates that worldwide 2 billion people still have iodine deficiency Objectives: Is to make comparison between the effect of identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and non-identification of the nerve on incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (RLNI) in different thyroidectomy procedures.

Type of the study: cross –sectional study.

Methods: 132 patients with goiters underwent thyroidectomy .Identification of RLN visually by exposure were done for agroup of them and non-identification of the nerves for the other group. The outcomes of RLNI in the two groupsanalyzed statistically for the effect of

Background: Recently epigenetic alterations have received increased attention because of theirimportant role in the process of tumerigenesis. It has been found that more than half of genetic changes were epigenetic. Epigenetic alterations are catalyzed by DNMTs enzymes. Increased knowledge about this molecular event may achieve progress in the war against cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression of DNMT3B among oral, laryngeal and skin SCC. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on (120) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks, histopathologically diagnosed as oral, laryngeal and skin SCC). Immunohistochemical staining of DNMT3B antibody was performed on each case of this study. Results: The immunoh

ABSTRACT Background: Neuropilin 1(NRP1) is considered a novel non - tyrosine kinase co- receptor for the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). First discovered on migrating neurons. NRP1is suggested to be up-regulated in cells of different types of cancer and implicated with advanced disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation in expression of NRP1 in oral, laryngeal and skin squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: Tissue sections from 120 formalin fixed- paraffin embedded blocks histopathologically diagnosed as oral, laryngeal and skin SCC (40 blocks for each),immunohistohemically stained in immunoperoxidase method with monoclonal antibodies to NRP1, the localization of expression was examined and the res

Background: thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine carcinoma as it accounts for almost 90% of all endocrine malignancies. The term incidental denoted malignant tumors of the thyroid gland detected by post-operative biopsy results of the resected specimens resected from benign thyroid diseases. Among the incidental thyroid malignancies, papillary carcinoma is the commonest pathological type.
Objectives : To determine the incidence of incidental thyroid carcinoma and to insist on accurate preoperative diagnostic work up of patients with thyroid diseases.
Patients & Methods: A prospective study, which was conducted during the period from March 2013 to April 2014 at Baghdad teaching hospital first surgical unit by the same

Regional immune response with mammary gland carcinoma was
studied statistically. However, the prognostic value remains
conflicting. Thirty mice were used in this study which infected
were with mammary gland carcinoma. The tumor size of the animals
under study were measured before and after laser irradiation by using
a vernier and compared these results were with that of non irradiated
animals with laser (control group)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low level laser
therapy (LLLT) on increasing the response of immune system by
stimulating the lymph node action to decrease the cancer cell activity
and then decreasing the tumor size of an infected mice.
The results of the gross observati

Background: Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor which has been given approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and advanced renal cell carcinoma . However, measuring quality of life and patient-reported symptoms may provide further information for evaluating and comparing treatment efficacy and toxicity profiles during cancer treatment. Despite the critical importance of patients' quality of life while receiving anticancer treatment, neither Iraqi patients undergoing anti-cancer medications in general nor those receiving Sorafenib in particular had any published data evaluating this important parameter.

Objectiv

Back ground: nasopharyngeal carcinoma is rare in Iraq and the treatment of this tumor is usually by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Objectives: this study was conducted to estimate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Iraqi patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Patients and methods: This study included sixty patients already diagnosed with nasopharyngeal tumors who attended the department of oncology in Baghdad teaching hospital during the period from January 2009 to December 2010,50 patients of them were treated by using combination chemotherapy in the form of Paclitaxel,5Flurouracil and cisplatinol for 4 courses prior to radiotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given due to advanced stage at p