Objective(s): The present study aims at assessing the prevalence of smoking among health workers in Baghdad Teaching Hospital and to find out the effectiveness of instructional booklet concerning risk of smoking on health workers′ knowledge in hospital.
Methodology: A pre-experimental design study was conducted from 1st of October 2019 to 17th of March 2020. A non-probability sample consists of (500) participant (343 non-smokers and 157 smokers) from (1500) health workers in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, they included the physicians, nurses, pharmacists, physiotherapists, Laboratory Technicians, Medical Assistants. A questionnaire is constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of instructional booklet on health workers’ knowledge about risks of smoking which consists of (33) items. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through the use of internal consistency reliability and the computation of Cronbach Alpha Correlation Coefficient which is equal to (0.905) and the content validity of the questionnaire is determined through a panel of experts.
Results: The results of the study show that there is improvement of smokers’ knowledge concerning the effect of smoking on personal health status which is (50.9%), high percent of them not have enough knowledge at pretest while the improved their knowledge at posttest to (81.6%), and their knowledge about risk of smoking on hospital environment is improved from (51.6%) at pretest to (86.38%) at posttest, and there is a highly significant between the effectiveness of the instructional booklet and health workers’ knowledge about the risk of smoking on personal health at P ≤ 0.05 level.
Recommendations: The study recommends that extensive and comprehensive studies, at the national level, could be conducted to improve the knowledge of health workers regarding the risks of smoking to human health and environment, and work to apply the penal code to the smokers inside hospitals and health institutions.
المنازعات والحروب الاهلية في العالم الثالث نموذجاً الصومال وافغانستان
يهدف البحث الى دراسة مسالة مهمة اجتماعية ذات طابع اسري يعني بالاهتمام بالطفل من ناحية العناية والرعاية حين افتراق الابوين
The insects like other creatures in the wide world, and there are more than a million class and type of these objects, some of which human haunted since the old to the present day.
In this study highlight the insect bee addressing her life and behavior, and the novelty of her and wonders what mystified by the minds of men that her world is full of mysteries and surprises drew the attention of workers in the natural history of the study and scrutiny of methods and different characteristics of scientists as she gives more than it takes. It appeared that the Islamic heritage has singled out these insects with something of interest and precise detail, but that God Almighty made suras from the Koran carrying insect name two Sura
... Show MoreThe Abbasid Caliphate generally paid attention to the financial aspect through the collection of resources , And also in terms of spending these resources
this research talks about the weakness that had happened in the construction of the sentences which effected on the syntactic meaning . it considers an important problems faced the languages .
Модальные частицы это служебные слова, которые служат в
предложении для выражении различных оттенков значений и
представляют собой продукт сложных изме- нений грамматического
строя русского языка.
Явно категория модальных частиц тесно соприкасается с
частями речи и частицами ((Модальность в русском языка
выражается формами наклонений, а так же лексическими
средствами-модальными словами и
إدارة المخاطر في الوحدات الإقتصادية الصناعية بإستعمال مخطط باريتو
مثل الوعي الطبقي اعلى مراحله لدى الفكر الماركسي الحديث عند كل من ماركس وانجلز ولينين ليس مجرد انعكاس للواقع وانما يكون بصورة جدلية من خلال انعكاس الوعي على الواقع واعادة انتاجه فبعد ان كان الوعي هو نتاج تطور الواقع اصبح اداة في تطوير الواقع، أي تأثير البنى الفوقية على البنى التحتية( المادية التاريخية) بعكس ما دعى اليه ماركس، اذ أعطى لينين للوعي دوراً كبيرا في التطور التاريخي، وعد الوعي الطبقي هو الاداة التي
... Show Moreمثل الوعي الطبقي اعلى مراحله لدى الفكر الماركسي المعاصر عند كل من روزا لوكسمبورغ وانطونيو غرامشي، ليس مجرد انعكاس للواقع وانما يكون بصورة جدلية من طريق انعكاس الوعي على الواقع وإعادة انتاجه فبعد ان كان الوعي هو نتاج تطور الواقع اصبح أداة في تطوير الواقع، أي تأثير البنى الفوقية في البنى التحتية (المادية التاريخية) وعدت ان الوعي الطبقي الثوري يتحقق بشكل عفوي، وبذور انطلاقة هي الاضرابات الجماهيرية، وأنكرت دور
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