Water balance as a technique is considered one of the means that is relied upon in solving significant hydrological problems. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was used in this study to assess the water balance in the Wadi Al-Mohammadi basin located at the eastern edge of the Western Desert. Digital elevation model, soil data, Land use - Land cover, and climate data represent the most important requirements for the SWAT model's input as a database. The Wadi Al-Mohammadi basin delineation results show the overall drainage area was 2286.8 km2 with seven sub-basins. The trend line of climate data indicates a clear increase in the total rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, and solar radiation from 1990-2020, while the wind speed decreased during the observed period. The average monthly hydrological components (precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, surface runoff, lateral flow, and deep aquifer recharge) representing the basin's water balance are 68.8 mm, 67 mm, 2.03 mm, 0.02 mm, and 0 mm, respectively.
Hydromorphometric analysis as a method is considered one of the most reliable and used methods in solving hydrological problems. Where it is possible to know the volume of runoff and the rest of the elements that enter into the water balance. Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing is the technique that used the hydro-morphometric analysis of the Wadi Al-Mohammadi basin. Wadi Al-Mohammadi, located in the Western Desert, is one of the main valleys that flow into the Euphrates River. It is considered an important basin, because of its many characteristics, including its relatively large area and the amount of water drained through, which is used mainly in watering livestock and agriculture, in addition to industrial purposes suc
... Show MoreDry environment study forms an important part in the field of applies geomorphology for
the wide rang of its lands which form most of the world, homeland, and Iraqi lands specially,
and what these lands include of scientific cases which needs to be searched and investigated.
They include rocks, land shapes, water supplements, its ancient soil and its active diggings are
all signs of the environment changes and effects that these lands under take over time, with
continuous remains of its features of characteristics under geo morphological dry
circumstances which works to slow change average, when the geomorphologic fearers varies
in this environment and what it contain of important economical resource. As to participl
This study included the extraction properties of spatial and morphological basins studied using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model linked to (GIS) to find the amount of sediment and rates of flow that flows into the Haditha reservoir . The aim of this study is determine the amount of sediment coming from the valleys and flowing into the Haditha Dam reservoir for 25 years ago for the period (1985-2010) and its impact on design lifetime of the Haditha Dam reservoir and to determine the best ways to reduce the sediment transport. The result indicated that total amount of sediment coming from all valleys about (2.56 * 106 ton). The maximum annual total sediment load was about (488.22 * 103 ton) in year 1988
... Show MoreMandali Basin is located between latitudes (33◦ 39' 00" and 33◦
54' 55") to the north and longitudes (45ο 11' 00" and 45ο 40' 00") to the
east; to the east of Diyala province at the Iraqi-Iranian border; the
basin area is approximately 491 km2.
From the study of climate reality of the basin between 1990-
2013and assessment of the basic climate transactions, it was found
that the annual rate of rainfall is 253.02 mm, the relative humidity
(44.4%), the temperature (21.3 ◦C), wind speed (2.08 m /sec.),
sunshine (8.27 h/day) and evaporation of the basin class (a) (271.98
mm) and corrected potential evapotranspiration (80.03 mm). The
results of the data analysis show that, there are
Hydrogeological investigation and water budget calculation of Koi Sanjaq basin is carried out. This investigation includes the determination of the aquifer types extending through the study area and flow direction as well as aquifer hydraulic properties values. Three main unconfined aquifer types were distinguished , they are (Pilaspi), , (Bihassan-Muqdadiya and Fatha –Injana) Formations , where the flow map of the unconfined aquifers shows that the flow direction is from northern and northeastern parts towards the south and southeastern parts i.e. .Lesser Zab River. Analysis of pumping test data of 9 selected wells from unconfined aquifers show that T values range from 1.51m2/day to 64.4 m2/day revealing the great variations in the aq
... Show MoreThe main goal of this study was to assess the climatic parameters in a valuable basin in northern part of Iraq, Erbil central sub-basin. Rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, evaporation, sunshine duration, and wind speed are the climate variables used in this study. The investigated periods (1980-2021) of Erbil meteorological data were used to assess the climatic and drought conditions in the studied basin. The results show a noticeable drop in relative humidity and rainfall over the past two decades, as well as a considerable rise in temperature and evaporation. The mean annual rainfall was 416mm, relative humidity is 48.74% used as term of water availability, and mean annual temperature is 22°C, total an
... Show MoreThis paper examined the climatic water balance and hydrogeological conditions of the water bearing layers within Lailan basin. To achieve the water balance the meteorological data from Kirkuk station for the period (1970 to 2016) was used to calculate the water surplus and water deficit. Based on Mehta's model the water surplus (Ws) is equal to (127.86 mm/ year) representing 36.87 % of the total rainfall, while 63.13% of the total rainfall are water deficit. The study area is characterized by two main aquifer types, unconfined and semi-confined. Generally, groundwater recharge occurs from both sides of the basin toward the center and the general flow direction is from northeast to southwest. To det
... Show MoreThis study aims to figure out how to calculate water recharge using the soil conservation service method, one of the most widely used methods for calculating runoff volume following rainfall. The research is being conducted in Ameriat Al-Falluja City, Al-Anbar Governorate. The Iraqi meteorological organization's Baghdad Airport and Al-Ramadi stations provided data on the research area from 1989 to 2020 as total annual rainfall (123.1 mm), the RH% (43%), the mean monthly T (23.6 °C), total evaporation (3169.61 mm), the wind speed (3.1 m/s), and the sunshine duration (9 h/day). The climate of the study area is described as arid. The total evapotranspiration value quantity is 1137.38 mm for the 32-year comparison period, while the
... Show MoreIt is necessary for police agencies both in the United States and elsewhere in the world to have rapid intervention units that carry out special tasks that regular police cannot handle, such as carrying out search warrants and arresting dangerous criminals, Armed robbery, release of hostages, terrorist incidents, mentally disturbed persons, and other special missions. They are supposed to be well trained, highly self-confident; working together, self-disciplined, and use the force to deal with the special situations they may face. Either there have been many cases in the United States of America against members of these units, personally or against the agencies, they work in because of excessive use of force in many cases that have been use
... Show MoreThe groundwater represents the main source of water in the study area due to lack of surface water. The Dammam unconfined aquifer represents the main aquifer in the study area and Southern desert because of the regional extent, the quantity and quality of water. Many groundwater wells have been drilled in the study area to coverage the huge demand of water for agricultural purposes. The Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to estimate the volume of water which calculated (25.6964 × 109 m3) within the study area , automate calculation of the area of Al Salman basin using digital elevation models, derive the thickness maps of Al
Dammam unconfined aquifer from Key holes (KH) and Bore holes (