Let be a commutative ring with identity and let be an R-module. We call an R-submodule of as P-essential if for each nonzero prime submodule of and 0 . Also, we call an R-module as P-uniform if every non-zero submodule of is P-essential. We give some properties of P-essential and introduce many properties to P-uniform R-module. Also, we give conditions under which a submodule of a multiplication R-module becomes P-essential. Moreover, various properties of P-essential submodules are considered.
Abstract
Research title: The legal ruling of advice.
This research deals with the topic of advice, as the research included the following:
Preamble: I explained in it the meaning of advice in the Qurโan and Sunnah, and that what is meant by it is a good performance of the duty, then explaining its importance, importing it, and the difference between advice and what is similar to it, from enjoining good, denial, reproach and reprimand, backbiting and the will.
The first topic: It dealt with the ruling on advice, whether it is recommended or disliked, or forbidden, because what is meant by it is to give advice to others may be an obligation in kind, or it may be desirable or dislike
... Show MoreIn the present paper, a simply* compact spaces was introduced it defined over simply*- open set previous knowledge and we study the relation between the simply* separation axioms and the compactness, in addition to introduce a new types of functions known as ๐ผ๐ ๐โ _irresolte , ๐ผ๐ ๐โ __๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐ข๐๐ข๐ and ๐ ๐ ๐โ _ continuous, which are defined between two topological spaces.
The aim of this paper is to generate topological structure on the power set of vertices of digraphs using new definition which is Gm-closure operator on out-linked of digraphs. Properties of this topological structure are studied and several examples are given. Also we give some new generalizations of some definitions in digraphs to the some known definitions in topology which are Ropen subgraph, ฮฑ-open subgraph, pre-open subgraph, and ฮฒ-open subgraph. Furthermore, we define and study the accuracy of these new generalizations on subgraps and paths.
Most of the Weibull models studied in the literature were appropriate for modelling a continuous random variable which assumes the variable takes on real values over the interval [0,โ]. One of the new studies in statistics is when the variables take on discrete values. The idea was first introduced by Nakagawa and Osaki, as they introduced discrete Weibull distribution with two shape parameters q and ฮฒ where 0 < q < 1 and b > 0. Weibull models for modelling discrete random variables assume only non-negative integer values. Such models are useful for modelling for example; the number of cycles to failure when components are subjected to cyclical loading. Discrete Weibull models can be obta
... Show MoreJordan curve theorem is one of the classical theorems of mathematics, it states the following : If is a graph of a simple closed curve in the complex plane the complement of is the union of two regions, being the common boundary of the two regions. One of the region is bounded and the other is unbounded. We introduced in this paper one of Jordan's theorem generalizations. A new type of space is discussed with some properties and new examples. This new space called Contractible -space.
ุงูู ุชุบูุฑ ุงูุนุดูุงุฆู X ูู ุชูุฒูุน ุฃุณู ุงุฐุง ูุงู ูู ุฏุงูุฉ ุงุญุชู ุงููุฉ ุงููุซุงูุฉ ุจุงูุดูู:
ุนูุฏู ุง ุ ูุฐู ูู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ุงูุฎุงุตุฉ ูุชูุฒูุน ูุงู ุง.
ุบุงูุจุงู ุฌุฏุงู ููุณุจุจ ู ุนููู ุชุฃุฎุฐ . ุงูุญุงูุฉ ุงูุฎุงุตุฉ ูู (1) ุงูุชู ูุญุตู ุนูููุง ุชุณู ู ุจุงูุชูุฒูุน ุงูุงุณู ูู ุนูู ุฉ ูุงุญุฏุฉ.
ุงุฐุง ูุงูุช ุ ุ ุงูุชูุฒูุน ูู ูุฐู ุงูุญุงูุฉ ูุณู ู ุงูุชูุฒูุน ุงูุงุณู ุงูููุงุณู
ุงู ุง ุจุงููุณุจ
... Show MoreThe soft sets were known since 1999, and because of their wide applications and their great flexibility to solve the problems, we used these concepts to define new types of soft limit points, that we called soft turning points.Finally, we used these points to define new types of soft separation axioms and we study their properties.