The present study was performed to evaluate the level of some risk factors (biochemical and immunological) in hypothyroid Iraqi patients considering the different thyroid functional states (hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism).The study includes 82 patients clinically diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Three study groups have been investigated: (47 clinical hypothyroid patients, 12 subclinical hypothyroid patients 23 healthy individuals) of different ages. This study, show that the proportion of females (83.3 %), (87.2%) in subclinical and clinical hypothyroidisim respectively higher than the proportion of males (16.7%),(12.8%) in subclinical and clinical hypothyrodism respectively of the total patients.The majority of subclinical hyp

Background: Complement (C) & CRP in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)'could be trigger disease activity.
Aim: To study the correlation between C, CRP, IgM,, IgG, IgA & some clinical presentation in RA patients.
Methods: Latex agglutination test(AG) & single radial immunoassay(SRIA) were used to asses CRP, IgMJgGJgA,, C, in 74 patients with RA.
Results: IgA & IgG were significantly increased, while the mean ofC3, C4 were slightly elevated in RA patients .
Conclusion: There is correlation between IgG and IgM with joint deformity and joint swelling respectively, while C3 was showed statistically significant P<0.01 with joint
stiffness, joint swelling and Rheumatoid nodule, whe

A streptococci has recognized as Streptococcus spp., associate with acute pharyngitis. S. pyogenes infection Has detected in the Hospital and Health Center in Tikrit city. Throat swabs sample has obtained and cultured on a sheep blood agar plate. Identification of S. pyogenes was performed by using the VITEK 2 automatic system. It detected of 50 samples from children included 25 were positive for S. pyogenes infection. were aged 10-35 years old and included 30 male and 20 female. . While 25 sample Negative of S. pyogenes infection (The control group included 25 clinically healthy children without S. pyogenes infection matched for age and sex with cases pateints). No significa

This study was conducted to know some Immune responses in women with vaginal candidias is by Candidia species. Hemoglubin (Hb) was decreased significantly in patient women comparing with control group. The differential count of Blood cells revealed that neutrophils and monocytcs were increased significantly in patient women comparing with control group. The percentage of the Phagocytosis index was decreased significantly in patient women (66.45 + 15.05) comparing with control group (73.72 + 3.77) and the T- lymphocytes were decreased also in patient women (57.75 + 18.787) comparing with control group (74.25 + 7.759).

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is closely related to the oxidative stress state of the body. The current study focused on some immunological indicators directly related to inflammation (Procalcitonin, and lysozyme) with the aim of investigating their potential as a prognostic factor for psoriasis. This study included 150 samples, including 90 patients with psoriasis and 40 people who appeared to be healthy, and was conducted from November 2021 to April 2022. The results showed a significant increase in the level of procalcitonin in patients with psoriasis compared to its level in the control group, while it was noted that the increase in the level of the other indicators was not significant, according to the statis

Background: Malassezia spp. are lipophilic unipolar yeasts recognized as commensals of skin that may be pathogenic under certain conditions. Yeasts of the genus Malassezia are known to be members of the skin micro flora of human and other warm-blooded vertebrates. Psoriasis is a common cutaneous disease of unknown etiology, may be triggered by infections, including those due to fungi.
Materials and methods: Twenty three patients with psoriasis were included in this study, who attended Al-Kadhumyia teaching hospital / Dermatology department, from the 30th of October 2010 to the 1st of April 2011. Fifteen (15) were males and eight (8)  were females, with the mean ag

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder that is highly prevalent, leading to gradual cartilage distraction, and therefore is important to diagnose in the early stage. This study aimed to estimate the level of rheumatoid factor (RF) and Anti-citrullinated protein (Anti-ccp) in the serum of female patients. We also investigated several female reproductive hormones in the patients and compared their levels in the premenopausal and postmenopausal phases. The study included 88 female subjects, 50 suffering from signs of rheumatoid arthritis who were attending AL-Yarmouk teaching hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, and 38 without clinical signs of RA as a control group. The ELISA technique was used to estimate all the studied parameters. The resul

The aims of this study were to prepare Cryptococcus neoformans killed whole cell antigen and evaluate their effects by using DTH- skin test and the differential white blood cells in local rabbits.
Fourteen animals of both sexes were divided randomly into two groups. The first group (7 animals) was immunized with 1 ml of Cryptococcus neoformans killed whole cell antigen (1x 10 cells/ml), subcutaneously. A booster dose was given after 14 days of the first dose. The second group (7 animals) was considered as control group. Based on results of DTH-skin test, no significant differences (P< 0.05) were recorded between the concentrations, 15 mg/ml and 7.5 mg/ml after 24, 48 and 72 hrs., but there was a significant differences (P<0.05)

Back ground: Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) is the most common chronic liver disease at present, and HCV infection is found with variable prevalence in dialysis populations in different parts of the world.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of sialic acid and immunoglobulins level in the sera of patients with chronic renal failure whom infected with Hepatitis C virus, and the effect of hemodialysis on them.
Patients&Methods: Regarding to this aim, total sialic acid levels (TSA) and immunoglobulins level were studied on the blood samples of 20 patients with chronic renal failure + Hepatitis C virus (positive group) and 20 patients with chronic renal failure (negative group) and 20 healthy volunteers.

  Recent progress in the understanding of psoriasis has shown that the regulation of local and systemic cytokines plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Different studies evaluated the association of serum levels of some proinflammatory cytokines invivo and their correlation with severity of psoriasis. Eighty cases of psoriatic patients had been studied. Patients were divided into mild psoriasis group (30) and severe psoriasis group (50) according to severity, and (30) apparently healthy individuals ware used as acontrol group. Sera samples of all groups were collected from all individuals for the estimation levels of interleukins (IL-6 and IL-8).  All mean values sera levels (IL-6 32.004 pg/ml and 17.579 pg/ml  for