Dental caries (tooth decay) is one of the most prevalent infectious disease and although of multifactorial origin, Streptococcus mutans is considered the principal pathogen in its development (i.e. bacterial processes damage hard tooth structure (enamel, dentine and cementum), producing dental cavities (holes in the teeth). The bactericidal properties of the Nd:YAG laser has been researched analyzing its use in caries prevention and bacterial reduction. One hundred twenty five samples were collected from carious teeth and isolated bacteria were diagnosed using microscopic examination, culture, biochemical tests, and Api 20 strep system. The results of this study showed that a noticeable decrease in the viability of Streptococcus mutans were obtained using Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm), (3 Hz) repetition frequency, (0.796 ,0.955) J/ cm2 energy density by applying (900,1260) number of pulses. It was concluded that the bactericidal effect of laser irradiation being dependent on the type of bacteria, energy density, number of pulses, and laser dose. Suggesting that the results obtained in this study may be useful in the treatment of dental plaque-related disease.
The aim of this study was to identify the level of critical thinking skills among fourth-grade middle school students and to determine the performance level of the underhand volleyball pass, with the assumption that there is a positive relationship between critical thinking and skill performance. The study population included 281 students from Basra Preparatory School for Girls under the Second Baghdad Education Directorate for the 2024/2025 academic year, of whom 275 students were intentionally selected as the research sample (97.865% of the population). The experimental procedure involved applying a critical thinking scale and a technical performance test for the underhand pass on 25 students per day over 11 days, from February 9
... Show MoreThe aim of the current research is to identify the level of organizational culture among the headmasters and teachers of intermediate and secondary schools in Arar city. It also aims to identify the effect of job variables, qualifications, educational stage, and years of experience on the level of organizational culture and its domains. The research sample consisted of 62 participants divided into 7 headmasters and 55 teachers. The researcher used the questionnaire of the organizational culture. The researcher used also statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, t-test, and One way ANOVA. The results revealed that the level of organizational culture and its four domains were high, and there was no effect of the variables (teac
... Show MoreThe research aims to shed light on the recent experience in the Iraqi business environment, which is the experience of the merger. To evaluate a recent experience in an important sector of the Iraqi business sectors, namely the industrial sector to enable decision-makers to review that experience to judge the extent of its success and address some of the lapses that experience that by measuring synergies can be judged on the success of the merger experience or not. The research community is the governmental industrial sector. The research sample included six cases of merger (14) companies before the merger. The Holt method was used to predict the net sales and total cost values before the merger as if it were not merged. Th
... Show MoreThe importance of the research lies in knowing the effect of the exercises of the reciprocal method in developing some physical abilities in learning the performance of the players for the effectiveness of the long jump in an economical manner in terms of time and effort and knowing their positive impact and the extent of their impact in creating the required learning for students, and the research aims to prepare reciprocal style exercises in developing some abilities The researchers used the experimental method in the pre and post test for the experimental and control groups to suit the nature of the research, and the research community was identified for the long jump players, the Specialized School for Talent Care in the 2022 sports sea
... Show MoreThe aim of the research is to identify the cognitive method (rigidity flexibility) of third-stage students in the collage of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at The University of Baghdad, as well as to recognize the impact of using the McCarthy model in learning some of skills in gymnastics, as well as to identify the best groups in learning skills, the experimental curriculum was used to design equal groups with pre test and post test and the research community was identified by third-stage students in academic year (2020-2021), the subject was randomly selected two divisions after which the measure of cognitive method was distributed to the sample, so the subject (32) students were distributed in four groups, and which the pre te
... Show MoreThe aim of this study to identify the effect of using two strategies for active learning ( Jigsaw Strategy & Problems Solving) in learning some balanced beam's skills in artistic gymnastics for women , as well as to identify the best of the three methods (jigsaw strategy , problems solving and the traditional method) in learning some skills balance beam , the research has used the experimental methodology, and the subject included the students of the college of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Baghdad / third grade and by the lot was selected (10) students for each group of groups Search three and The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used means, the standard deviation and the (T.test), the one way a n
... Show MoreImam al - Karji replies to some Islamic groups
In his book the jokes of the Koran
The objective of the current research is to identify the effective of the suggested instructional design that based on the teaching strategy for understanding in achievement for students(girls) of mathematics in the fifth grads secondary school. To achieve the research goal, the empirical research method is depended. In this method a realistic empirical design pre-test of two equivalent sets to determine the students’ grade is used. The following zero hypotheses is formulated “There is no statistical difference for the faction at 0.05 between the mean grad for the students of the empirical group who studied the subject using the Instructional design based on the teaching strategy for understanding and those who studied the same subje
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