doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1090/1/012070

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Publication Date

Mon Mar 01 2021

Journal Name

Iop Conference Series: Materials Science And Engineering

Volume

1090

DOI

10.1088/1757-899X/1090/1/012070

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Structural Design According to Constructal Theory in Architecture

Constructal theory

Structural design

structural efficiency

Architectural form

material

Aseel Abdulhaleem

Bahjat Rashad

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Abstract<p>Constructal theory plays a major role in the conceptual design stage of the structural system in architecture. It provides a conceptual framework for predicting the form depending on natural systems to model those systems geometrically according to the constructal law that works in two directions: the first is towards predicting the general form of the structural system, and the second is the physical application of the law in the process of detailed design of the parts of the system. The aim of this paper is to determine the mechanism adopted in the structural design according to the constructal theory, assuming that the structural design according to the constructal theory achieves high structural efficiency. The paper depends in its theoretical framework on the clarification of the concepts of constructal theory, the mechanism of constructal law work, and then the verification of its compliance with the applicable rules to achieve high efficiency. The paper concludes a set of indicators that can be adopted in assessing the level of structural efficiency - at the level of form and material - of architecturally designed structures according to the constructal theory. The research concluded that constructal theory contributes significantly to research on the origins of living systems, and to employ them in the process of creating the architectural form on one hand, and enhancing the structural efficiency of the structural performance on the other hand.</p>

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Publication Date

Sun Oct 22 2023

Journal Name

Iraqi Journal Of Science

Elastic Electron Scattering form Factors for Odd-A 2s-1d Shell Nuclei

charge density distributions

elastic electron scattering form factors

odd- A 2s 1d shell nuclei

root mean square charge radii

occupation numbers of higher states for K Mg Al Si 19 25 27 29

and P 31 nuclei

Altaf Abdul

Huda Abd

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The charge density distributions (CDD) and the elastic electron scattering form
factors F(q) of the ground state for some odd mass nuclei in the 2s 1d shell, such
as K Mg Al Si 19 25 27 29 , , , and P 31
have been calculated based on the use of
occupation numbers of the states and the single particle wave functions of the
harmonic oscillator potential with size parameters chosen to reproduce the observed
root mean square charge radii for all considered nuclei. It is found that introducing
additional parameters, namely; 1  , and , 2  which reflect the difference of the
occupation numbers of the states from the prediction of the simple shell model leads
to very good agreement between the calculated an

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Publication Date

Sat Dec 01 2012

Journal Name

Advances In Bioresearch

Cytotoxicity of Miltefosine against Leishmania majorPromastigotes

Leishmaniasis has poor vaccination trials and the available drugs have side effects on patients. Therefore

development ofnew chemicals is important for public health. Miltefosine is the first drug used for oral treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.Previous studies approved that miltefosine is an effective treatment against visceral leishmaniasis

the visceral form ofLeishmania

and also on L. major

the cutaneous form of Leishmania. Here

we investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity ofmiltefosine on the procyclic promastigotes forms of L. major. Different concentrations of miltefosine were investigatedagainst the flagellated form of L. major

and results showed that miltefosine has inhibited the in vitro proliferation of theparasite

approving the cytotoxic effect of the compound on Leishmania

EC50 was determined after 24 hours exposure forthe drug and it was 1.54 μM. Our findings indicate that miltefosine has a cytotoxic effect on the insect stage of the old worldL. major and can be a new anti-Leishmanial drug

Hayder

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Publication Date

Sun Dec 07 2014

Journal Name

Baghdad Science Journal

Synthesis, Characterization and Stability Study of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) Complexes with Pyrazol Derivative

In this work lactone (1) was prepared from the reaction of p-nitro phenyl hydrazine with ethylacetoacetate

which upon treatment with benzoyl chloride afforded the lactame (2). The reaction of (2) with 2-amino phenol produced a new Schiff base (L) in good yield. Complexes of V(IV)

Zr(IV)

Rh(III)

Pd(II)

Cd(II) and Hg(II) with the new Schiff base (L) have been prepared. The compounds (1

2) were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy

as well as characterizing ligand (L) by the same techniques with elemental analysis (C.H.N) and (1H-NMR). The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using elemental analysis (C.H.N)

flame atomic absorption technique

FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy

in addition to magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Metal to ligand [M:L] ratio was obtained for all complexes in ethanol using molar ratio method

which gave comparable results with those obtained for the solid complexes. As well as the appa

Sinan M.

Enaam M.

Maysoon A

Sarab M

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In this work lactone (1) was prepared from the reaction of p-nitro phenyl hydrazine with ethylacetoacetate, which upon treatment with benzoyl chloride afforded the lactame (2). The reaction of (2) with 2-amino phenol produced a new Schiff base (L) in good yield. Complexes of V(IV), Zr(IV), Rh(III), Pd(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with the new Schiff base (L) have been prepared. The compounds (1, 2) were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy, as well as characterizing ligand (L) by the same techniques with elemental analysis (C.H.N) and (1H-NMR). The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using elemental analysis (C.H.N), flame atomic absorption technique, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, in additio

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Publication Date

Sat Oct 01 2022

Journal Name

Environmental Advances

Stability and performance studies of emulsion liquid membrane on pesticides removal using mixture of Fe3O4Â nanoparticles and span80

The current study investigated the impact of nonionic surfactant span 80 in the existence of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on the emulsification of mixture of kerosene as petroleum based organic solvents and corn oil as a green diluent in the ratio 1:1

HCl was used as internal phase and the stability of the emulsion was carried out. The proposed Pickering emulsion liquid membrane has been exploited to investigate it is ability in the extraction of Abamectin pesticides from aqueous solution without utilizing carrier agent. Further

the effects of experimental parameters on extraction efficiency and emulsion stability such as

homogenizer speed

emulsification speed

contact time

Fe3O4-Span 80 ratios

HCL concentration

internal to membrane volume ratio (I/O) and pH of the external feed solution were carried out. The results showed that more than 99% of Abamectin could be extracted at 10 min contact time with a minimum breakage percent of 0.52% at the optimal conditions. The kinetic of the extraction were studied and the mass transfer coefficient was found to be for external phase () of 1.2

interfacial reaction rate constant () of 5.83 and the overall mass transfer coefficient () of 3.91 . The results of recyclability of the PELM revealed that the emulsion stability and extraction efficiency was nearly unchanged after three cycles.

Ahmed A.

Noor Q.

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Publication Date

Fri Mar 01 2019

Journal Name

Applied Acoustics

Theoretical model of absorption coefficient of an inhomogeneous MPP absorber with multi-cavity depths

Micro-perforated panel (MPP) absorber has been known as an alternative absorber to classical porous material given its facile installation

long durability

environmental friendliness and attractive appearance. Extensive studies of MPP absorber proposing the improvement of its absorption frequency bandwidth have been published. This study presents a MPP absorber introduced with inhomogeneous perforations and with multi-cavity depths. The MPP is divided into two sub-area

where each area has different hole diameter

perforation ratio and a separated backed cavity depth. The acoustic impedance is modelled using electrical equivalent circuit and the absorption coefficient is calculated under normal-incidence of sound. It is found that the inhomogeneous MPP can have good bandwidth of absorption by designing the sub-MPP of smaller perforation ratio with large hole diameter and the one having the larger perforation ratio with smaller hole diameter. The absorption bandwidth can be conveniently controlled by adjusting the cavity depth of each sub-MPP. The results from the experimental work show good agreement with the theoretical model.

Ali Ibrahim

Azma

Roszaidi

Iwan

Al-Ameri

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Publication Date

Wed Jan 01 2020

Journal Name

Technologies And Materials For Renewable Energy, Environment And Sustainability: Tmrees20

Change detection of the land cover for three decades using remote sensing data and geographic information system

The changes in the land cover using geographical information systems and remote sensing techniques for the period (1990 - 2019) for part of the Baghdad governorate in central Iraq are detected and monitored. In this research

four satellite scenes with different sensors were used the TM

ETM+

and OLI

which were obtained by Landsat-5

Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 satellites

respectively. Maximum likelihood method supervised classification is adopted as the main classifier to distinguish different land cover types in the study region. The results showed that there are ten different classes in the values of their reflectance. This study proved that any landcover of the earth’s surface can be studied and determined by its spectral characteristics. The change for each class of the land cover for the study area was determined within the study period. The results of the study confirmed the possibility of identifying the types of land cover and finding the percentage of changes that occur in it and detecting it with high efficiency using the remote sensing technique.

Muna Aref

Amal Jabbar

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Publication Date

Mon Apr 06 2020

Journal Name

August

INFLUENCE OF SOME FACTOR ON SOMATIC EMBRYOS INDUCTION AND GERMINATION OF DATE PALM CV BARHI BY USING CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE TECHNIQUE

This study was done to examine different concentrations of mercuric chloride (Hgcl2) for Explants sterilization and different concentration of NAA) mg/L with 2iP for their effect on initiation primary callus and subsequent embryogenesis in Phoenix dactyliferae cultivar Barhi. Leaf primordial and shoot tips were excised from 2-3 years old offshoot. The result showed that contamination percentage decreased with an increase in concentration of Hgcl2 for two explants where in the control (0.0)% gave highest value 75% and 62.5% of contamination for leaf primordial and shoot tip respectively while the addition (0.1)% gave a significant decrease 37.5 and 0% for explants respectively. The Explants were inoculated onto Murashiege and Skoog

1962 (MS) medium supplemented with 2iP 3mg/L and containing 0

25

50 or 100 mg/L of NAA

the addition (50) mg/L of NAA gave highest value 68.8% in percentage of callus initiation with significant difference from addition 0% gave lowest value (18.8)%

as well Explants of shoot tip gave significant difference was 53.1% while leaf primordial gave 28.1%

Primary callus was transferred to fresh MS medium containing (0

5

10 and 20) mg/L of NAA with 3mg/L 2iP

Results were recorded after 12 weeks. A highest value of embryonic callus induction percentage or fresh weight and dry weight 87.5% or 1.56g and 0.47g for the character respectively for the treat 20 mg/L while control treatment 0.0 gave the lowest value 12.5% or 0.37g and 0.14g for same character respectively. Inoculated 1g fresh biomass into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 ml MS liquid medium supplemented with NAA 20mg/L and agitated at 150 rpm by shaker to making suspension culture the measurements of packed cell volume ( pcv) or fresh and dry weight taken weekly for 12 weeks

maximum values were reached in the eighth week of PCV and fresh weight but the dry weight reached to highest value in seventh week

then the curve began to decline gradually until it reached stability in the last two weeks. The cell suspension was Diluted to different initial cell density of 100

500

10000

50000 and 100000 cells /ml with hemocytometer. The initial cell number of (10000) cells gave significant different of plating efficiency PE (11.6)% while (100) cells gave lowest value 1.8% of PE.

Ali A.

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