Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common female endocrine disorders of uncertain etiology, which causes menstrual disorders as well as infertility. Interleukin–33(IL-33) is considered as a strong risk marker of inflammation and may have possible role in pathogenesis of PCOS.
Objectives: The present study is designed to investigate the possible role of IL-33 in pathogenesis of PCOS and its relation with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C),insulin resistance(IR) and oxidative stress in prediabetic PCOS patients.
Subjects and Methods: The study involved 30 healthy women as control group and sixty six infertile Iraqi women with PCOS which were divided into two groups according to glycated heamoglobin(HbA1c) value and

Ghrelin and leptin are hunger hormones related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the pathogenesis of T2DM is the abnormality in insulin secretion and insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study is to evaluate ghrelin and leptin concentrations in blood and to specify the relationship of these hormones as dependent variables with some biochemical and clinical measurements in T2DM patients. In this study, forty one T2DM and forty three non-diabetes mellitus (non-DM) subjects, aged between 40-60 years and with normal weight, were enrolled. Fasting serum ghrelin and leptin were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In our results ghrelin was significantly increased, and leptin was significantly decreased, in T2DM pa

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women's most prevalent endocrinology condition is a mixture of environmentally and genetically adduced causing PCOS. The relationship between monosaccharide and PCOS is largely unknown.

Objective: This research was designed to investigate the relationship between blood levels of fructose, insulin resistance, and androgen hormone in women with PCOS, and the effect of obesity on the obtained result, as well as to study the efficacy of serum fructose as a biomarker in the diagnosis of PCOS.

Cases and methods: This case-control research study was conducted at the Gynecology Clinic and Infertility Center, in Baghdad Teaching Hospital

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine illnesses affecting reproductive - age women. L-carnitine has important roles in oxidative stress, energy production and glucose metabolism. It affects insulin resistance as decreased plasma carnitine level has been well reported in type II diabetes mellitus. Hence, it means L-carnitine may reduce insulin resistance which is found in PCO disease.

Objective: This study aims to measure the level of L-carnitine and insulin resistance in both obese and non- obese patients with PCOS.

Patients and Methods: Sixty women within the reproductive age with PCOS (30 obese and 30 non- obese) were recruited

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in women in the reproductive age associated with disturbance of reproductive, endocrine and metabolic functions. The pathophysiology of PCOS appears to be multifactorial and polygenic.
Objective: To measure the level of prostate –specific antigen (PSA) and to evaluate the value of prostatic specific antigen as a marker of hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS.
Patients and Methods: One hundred women were entrolled in this study, 50 women were PCOS group and the remainder was healthy women served as control group. Hormonal profile (serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured. Ferriman-Gallway Score (FGS) was as

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders. PCOS produces symptoms in approximately 5% to 10% of women of reproductive age (12–45 years old).
Objective: To detect the level of IL-6 in PCOS patients correlated with their serum glucose.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study carried out at Baghdad teaching hospital in Baghdad/Iraq from November 2011 to January 2012. In this study, 80 blood samples (40 untreated women with PCOS cases and 40 healthy control) were collected to investigate their IL-6 levels by using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and fasting blood sugar (FBS) by enzymatic assay.
Results: Serum IL-6 elevated in PCOS patients mainly

Background: Poly cystic ovary syndrome is a common disorder in women of  reproductive  age,  it  is associated  with  disturbance of  reproductive, endocrine  and  metabolic  functions. The pathophysiology of PCOS appears to be multifactorial and polygenic. Leptin seems to play an important role in pathophysiology of PCOS especially in women with BMI ≥25kg/m².  

Objectives:  To assess leptin

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in women of
reproductive age with primary features of infertility, menstrual irregularity, and clinical or biochemical
evidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne and high androgen level). Vitamin D has a role in the
development of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities in PCOS mediated by insulin resistance.
Objective: Measure serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and
compare their levels with age and body mass index matched healthy controls. Also, assess the
correlation between insulin resistance and 25-hydroxy vitamin D among women with PCOS.
Subjects and Methods: Eighty eight women were involved in this st

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age with primary manifestations of infertility, menstrual dysfunction and clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne and elevated androgen). Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine. It has insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and antiinflammatory actions.
Objective: Low adiponectin levels in women with PCOS have been largely attributed to obesity which is common among these patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure adiponectin levels in normal weight women with PCOS and its contribution to development of disease.
Subjects and Methods: Fifty two (52) women were include

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is an important clinical and biochemical determinant of diabetes and many other clinical states. The gold standard method for IR estimation is the hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic glucose clamp. Adiponectin and resistin are adipocytes derived hormones that play important role in the regulation of glucose, fat metabolism and insulin resistance.
Objective: this study aimed to assess the validity of Homestasis Model Assessment–Adiponectin ratio and Adiponectin –Resistin index as markers of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Design: Ninety (T2DM) overweight male subjects were enrolled in this cross sectional study, detailed history, physical examination and anthropometric