Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Worldwide, infertility affects approximately 15% of all couples trying to conceive. Male infertility is responsible for about 50% of the infertility cases. Chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions are the most common genetic causes of male infertility. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most prevalent factor of the chromosomal abnormality in the infertile male. Azoospermia Factor (AZF) microdeletions located on the Y chromosome are one of the recurrent genetic cause of male infertility. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of chromosomal anomalies and AZF microdeletions in 296 infertile Kurdish men in Erbil province, 289 patients diagnosed as azoospermia (97.6%) and 7 patients as severe oligozoospermia (2.4%) and 50 healthy men as control group. Twenty nine patients (9.8%) had various chromosomal abnormalities. The most common chromosomal abnormalities were found in sex chromosomes (93.1%; 29/27), among these abnormalities 20 patients (69%) had Klinefelter syndrome 47,XXY karyotype, 4 patients (13.8%) had 45X0/46, Xder(Y), 2 patients (6.9%) had XXY t(11;22)(q25;q13) and 1 patients (3.4%) had Mosaic Turner syndrome 46XY/45X0. The autosomal chromosomal abnormalities (6.9%; 2/29) detected in 2 patients 45, XY, rob (13;14) (q10;q10). Y chromosome microdeletions were found in 10 of 289 patients with azoospermia (3.5%), three of them (30%) had microdeletions in the AZFc region, 3 of them (30%) had microdeletions in the AZFb region, also other 3 patients had microdeletions in the b and c of AZF (AZF b,c) region, and the final one patient (10%) had microdeletions in the all a, b and c (AZF a,b,c) region. Combined Y chromosome microdeletions and chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 3 patients.
Background: P. aeruginosa remains a important cause of life threatening bloodstream infection in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with hematologic malignancies complicated by neutropeni.
Bank credit function plays an important role in realizing the targets of commercial banks , so that the credit dominate the most of assets for these banks , also the credit contribute by bigger share of operational income for these banks .Bank credit faces
high challenge that it is bank credit risks which hinder realizing goals of bank credit . the researcher discover that in spite of the international accounting standards assured that it is necessary to disclose about risks related assets, which include bank credit, and also disclosure about fund which specified to face probable loss for this credit , but the recent disclosure about bank credit risks and its provision indicate that it faces sever defect which hinder
... Show MoreNanoparticles of copper sulfide have been prepared by simple reaction between using copper nitrate with different concentrations ratio 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mM, thiourea by a simple chemical route. The prepared Nano powders have been deposited onto glass substrates by casting method at 60°C. The structure of the product Nano- films has been studied by x-ray diffraction, where the patterns showed that all the samples have a hexagonal structure of covellite copper sulfide with the average crystalline sizes 14.07- 16.51 nm. The morphology has been examined by atomic force microscopy, and field emission scan electron microscopy. The AFM images showed particles with almost spherical and rod shapes with average diameter sizes of 49.11- 90.64 nm.
... Show MoreNitrogen dioxide NO2 is one of the most dangerous contaminant in the air, its toxic gas that cause disturbing respiratory effects, most of it emitted from industrial sources especially from the stack of power plants and oil refineries. In this study Gaussian equations modelled by Matlab program to state the effect of pollutant NO2 gas on area around Durra refinery, this program also evaluate some elements such as wind and stability and its effect on stacks height. Data used in this study is the amount of fuel oil and fuel gas burn inside refinery at a year 2017. Hourly April month data chosen as a case study because it’s unsteady month. After evaluate emission rate of the all fuel and calculate exit velocity from
... Show MoreThis paper presents a study of a syndrome coding scheme for different binary linear error correcting codes that refer to the code families such as BCH, BKLC, Golay, and Hamming. The study is implemented on Wyner’s wiretap channel model when the main channel is error-free and the eavesdropper channel is a binary symmetric channel with crossover error probability (0 < Pe ≤ 0.5) to show the security performance of error correcting codes while used in the single-staged syndrome coding scheme in terms of equivocation rate. Generally, these codes are not designed for secure information transmission, and they have low equivocation rates when they are used in the syndrome coding scheme. Therefore, to improve the transmiss
... Show MoreHuman Interactive Proofs (HIPs) are automatic inverse Turing tests, which are intended to differentiate between people and malicious computer programs. The mission of making good HIP system is a challenging issue, since the resultant HIP must be secure against attacks and in the same time it must be practical for humans. Text-based HIPs is one of the most popular HIPs types. It exploits the capability of humans to recite text images more than Optical Character Recognition (OCR), but the current text-based HIPs are not well-matched with rapid development of computer vision techniques, since they are either vey simply passed or very hard to resolve, thus this motivate that
... Show MoreQuantitative analysis of human voice has been subject of interest and the subject gained momentum when human voice was identified as a modality for human authentication and identification. The main organ responsible for production of sound is larynx and the structure of larynx along with its physical properties and modes of vibration determine the nature and quality of sound produced. There has been lot of work from the point of view of fundamental frequency of sound and its characteristics. With the introduction of additional applications of human voice interest grew in other characteristics of sound and possibility of extracting useful features from human voice. We conducted a study using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique to analy
... Show MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate Religious Human Rights Violations. Religious liberty is essential for everyone, everywhere. Because religion is significant to everyone, everywhere. Humans are religious by nature. Our nature drives us to seek answers to deep questions about ultimate things. We cannot live a fully human life unless we are free to seek those answers and live according to the truths we discover. In this study, the researcher used Marsh and White model for analysis A sample of an offensive image of an Islamic concept from the book "Mohammad believes it or else." this book is a comic book written by pseudonym Abdullah Aziz and published by Crescent Moon Publishing company. The book is marked with anti- Mohammad, preju
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