Palm vein recognition is a one of the most efficient biometric technologies, each individual can be identified through its veins unique characteristics, palm vein acquisition techniques is either contact based or contactless based, as the individual's hand contact or not the peg of the palm imaging device, the needs a contactless palm vein system in modern applications rise tow problems, the pose variations (rotation, scaling and translation transformations) since the imaging device cannot aligned correctly with the surface of the palm, and a delay of matching process especially for large systems, trying to solve these problems. This paper proposed a pose invariant identification system for contactless palm vein which include three main steps, at first data augmentation is done by making multiple copies of the input image then perform out-of-plane rotation on them around all the X,Y and Z axes. Then a new fast extract Region of Interest (ROI) algorithm is proposed for cropping palm region. Finally, features are extracted and classified by specific structure of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The system is tested on two public multispectral palm vein databases (PolyU and CASIA); furthermore, synthetic datasets are derived from these mentioned databases, to simulate the hand out-of-plane rotation in random angels within range from -20° to +20° degrees. To study several situations of pose invariant, twelve experiments are performed on all datasets, highest accuracy achieved is 99.73% ∓ 0.27 on PolyU datasets and 98 % ∓ 1 on CASIA datasets, with very fast identification process, about 0.01 second for identifying an individual, which proves system efficiency in contactless palm vein problems.
The Results of Theoretical Studies and Experiment of Advanced Economies , Have Been Proven That Investment Expenditure Is Not The Only Factor And The Main Source of Production Growth, But Efficient Using Of The Fixed Assets Is More Important In This Process, All That Depends On Groups of Factors Called The Non-Investment Economic Growth, That Are Un-bodied Technical Progress With Organizational Nature.
It's Distinguished Features That it has An Influence on The Production Growth Without Any Large Additional Investment Expenditure Or Any Additional Increment in Inputs And That Can Not Be Reached Without Activating The Factors of Non-Investment Economic Growth, Which is Still Affecting Negatively In T
... Show MoreThe study aims at analyzing the inconsistent structural and semantic aspects found in the plays of N.A Ostrovsky. The analysis, that includes all the linguistics schools of thoughts in modern Russian language, is performed chronologically to clarify all the ambiguities that the Russian language learners may face. Such difficulties lie in the use of inconsistent aspects with complete declarative sentences and adverbial clauses. Hence, it constructs a new sentence category that consists of secondary clause and its syncretism semantic.
The study illustrates the wide scope of both studying the sentence inconsistent
... Show MoreThis paper concerns with deriving and estimating the reliability of the multicomponent system in stress-strength model R(s,k), when the stress and strength are identical independent distribution (iid), follows two parameters Exponentiated Pareto Distribution(EPD) with the unknown shape and known scale parameters. Shrinkage estimation method including Maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), has been considered. Comparisons among the proposed estimators were made depending on simulation based on mean squared error (MSE) criteria.
The research work is "The passive voice as a grammatical phenomenon in four selected textbooks". The research deals with the grammatical phenomenon passive in German. The research consists of two parts, the theoretical and the empirical part. The present research work is divided into 3 sections:
The first section includes the definition of passive, passive types, process passive, state passive, passive with modal verbs, and other types of passive. The second section provides illustrations of the four selected textbooks. The third chapter presents the passive voice in textbooks, namely German language teaching for foreigners by Dora Schulz and Heinz Griesbach, Delfin von Aufderstrasse H. and others, Em von Balme, M. and others and
... Show MoreThe global oil market is one of the most important markets in the world and occupies especially for countries consuming and producing countries, and the status of understanding of the mechanism for determining prices in the market help to stand on many factors affecting oil demand and supply of oil and geopolitical factors, climate and alternative sources of energy .. etc. factors, and that the main objective of the research is to study the causes and results left behind by the oil price shocks in the world market, and the movement of these factors be through a cycle of energy that explain the strength of competition between these factors and their effects on prices, when demand increases evolution Large image leads to significan
... Show MorePost Modern Persian poetry that is rich with visions and creations has slowly but firmly regained its statues in modern Persian literature and poetry. Ali Baba Chahi is considered one of Iran’s most prominent postmodern and post-Nimaie writer and poet.
The present paper discusses the general style characteristics as well as the distinctive stylistic creations of Ali Baba Chahi as presented in his collected poems In Caves full of Daffodils.
In conclusion, the study crystallizes some of the stylistic characteristics of Ali Baba Chahi as a leading figure in postmodern poetry. The study, also, provides a comprehensive critical analysis of the collection of
... Show MoreIn this study, different methods were used for estimating location parameter and scale parameter for extreme value distribution, such as maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) , method of moment estimation (ME),and approximation estimators based on percentiles which is called white method in estimation, as the extreme value distribution is one of exponential distributions. Least squares estimation (OLS) was used, weighted least squares estimation (WLS), ridge regression estimation (Rig), and adjusted ridge regression estimation (ARig) were used. Two parameters for expected value to the percentile as estimation for distribution f
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