Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) induces oxidative stress, leading to inflammation, a decrease in the number of spermatogenic cells, and reduced testicular weight, which may affect reproduction and result in infertility. Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) contains flavonoid compounds that function as antioxidants to combat free radicals and exhibit protective and therapeutic effects on spermatogenic cells in diabetic rats. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of active fraction of P. angulata on the histology of spermatogenic cells, mRNA expression of NFkB and TNF-α, and testicular weight in a diabetic rat model. This study used a post-test-only control group design with 5 groups: control (K), DM group (K-DM), DM treated with active fraction of P. angulata at doses of 8.5, 34, and 136 mg/kg BW (KP-1, KP-2, KP-3, respectively). Each group consisted of 5 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Testicular histology was analyzed with HE staining, mRNA expression of NFkB and TNF-α was measured using qPCR. To account for variations in body size, the testicular weight was normalized to tibia length, resulting in the testicular weight-to-tibia length ratio. Statistical analysis, including the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and ANOVA, was performed using SPSS. The number of spermatogenic cells, including spermatogonium, primary spermatocytes, and spermatids, in the treatment group given the active fraction of P. angulata was significantly higher, whereas the mRNA expression of NFкB and TNF-α were significantly lower than K-DM group. The ratio of testicle weight per tibia length in K-P1 (34.24±10.95 mg/mm), KP-2 (34.25±2.45 mg/mm) and KP-3 (39.5±2.69 mg/mm) groups were not significantly higher than DM (34.21±2.88 mg/mm) group.