Isolation and Characterization of Two Flavonoids from Guava leaves Cultivated in Iraq: A Broad Study on Structural Elucidation and Cytotoxic Evaluation
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction
Avicularin
The guava plant, scientifically identified as Psidium guajava, serves as proof of the abundant donations of nature, providing not only a delicious guava fruit but also a rich group of medicinal and nutritional benefits. Guava plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family, many previous studies reported many phytochemical constituents in guava leaves that have many pharmacological activities and medicinal properties, In this study focuses on the isolation, structural elucidation, and calculation concentration of flavonoids from
Psidium guajava
leaves newly cultivated in Iraq and the assessment of the cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate fraction
against prostate cancer cell (PC3), human breast cancer cell (MCF7)and normal dermal fibroblast-neonatal (HdFn).
The isolation process involved the use of thin-layer
chromatography(TLC) and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC)
and structural elucidation involved
NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance) and FTIR(Fourier transform infrared spectrometer)
for detailed structural insights into two isolated flavonoids, The isolation techniques proved effective in obtaining pure samples of avicularin and guaijaverin from the ethyl acetate and n.butanol fractions, and structural elucidation techniques gives a good explanation for two isolated flavonoids, high concentrations of these two flavonoids found in ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of Iraqi guava leaves calculated by using the
calibration curve
. Assessment of the cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate fraction which
exhibited a decrease in cell viability (%) with IC50 91.9 μg
/mL against the prostate cancer cell and IC50 379. μg /mL against human breast cancer
and ethyl acetate fraction noncytotoxic to HDFn, with an IC50 value substantially surpassing concentrations of 100 μg/mL.
These analytical approaches provided a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of the isolated flavonoids and interpreted that guava has cytotoxic activity against some cancer types, depending on
a concentration-dependent mode
.