The Arab Islamic heritage, with its humanitarian values ​​and of noble meanings should utilize them and develop a sense of our contemporary generations intellectual autonomy in education and refer to our Islamic heritage to build a base of educational and philosophical ideas. The obvious vision for the future of our Muslim generations requires a depth study of our intellectual heritage and meditation.  The interest of the nation of its inherited intellectual power is the scientific output of the Arab-Islamic culture. In our current study which includes four chapters we review the factors that influenced the construction and development of the Islamic educational thought since the era of prophecy until the demise of the Abbasid Caliphate, starting with religion and its role as a determinant of the educational values ​​in the community, both at the level of institutions or social values ​​ stating historical, political, social, scientific and cultural factors that played an influential role in the formulation, refinement and building the Islamic educational Thought and its evolution. And the most prominent Islamic educational thought that contributed in the identification and development of educational thought trends across the development of Arab-Islamic civilization.