Mesoporous alumina is a promising drug carrier because of its extensive surface area, pore structure, biocompatibility and non-toxicity, facilitating high drug loading and release capacity. This study aimed to investigate the adsorption and release kinetics of levofloxacin (LF) on prepared γ-mesoporous alumina nanoparticles (γ-MNPs). Adsorption kinetic tests were carried out by a batch method, drug loading was investigated using an impregnation method, and the release kinetics were determined using a dialysis bag maintained at 310 K. Adsorption kinetics were analysed using three kinetics models: the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion. Results showed that the adsorption of LF followed a pseudo-second-order reaction, with the adsorption rate and mechanisms regulated by two consecutive steps, suggesting that intraparticle diffusion was involved, but it was not the only rate-controlling step. Drug loading results showed that the amount of LF loaded into γ-MNP was 2.17 mg drug/g γ-MNP. The drug release behaviour was investigated at pH 7.4 and pH 5.4. The drug release profile for the LF/γ-MNP system showed that the drug release percentages were 18.00% at pH 5.4 after 48 h and 90.41% at pH 7.4 after 24 h. Drug release was characterised by the kinetic models, including zero-order and first-order kinetics. The data from the pH 5.4 system was best fitted by zero- and first-order kinetics. The drug release mechanisms from a matrix were interpreted using Korsmeyer–Peppas, Kopcha and Higuchi models. The results demonstrated that drug release at pH 7.4 exhibited non-Fickian diffusion, whereas that at pH 5.4 was Fickian diffusion. The Hugichi constants (k_H), which were correlated with the release rate, were low in the two systems, confirming the results of zero- and first-order equations. Therefore, γ-MNP is a promising and effective delivery medium for LF treatment.