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Prevalence of Hbv, Hcv and Hiv-1, 2 infections among patients in Saladin governorate, Iraq
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Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses are the major health problem in the worldwide. In the Middle East, the prevalence of HBV in general population with the chronic infectionsis 2-5%,whereas the prevalence of HCV is about 1% in Arabian Gulf countries. World Health Organization (WHO) revealed that the risks of HBV and HCV transmissionas well as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through the transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products is high, because of the fragility of health services in these countries. Several viral diseases are transportby different modes like bloodtransfusion, sexual contact, and unsafe injections. The mostcommon blood-transmitted viruses are hepatitis B virus(HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV);which cause fatal and chronic disorders. The prevalence ofthese viruses varies in Asia and developing countries depending on nationality, geography and lifestyle, sex, race, and educational levels. For all these previous causes, thisstudydesigned to know the seroprevalenceof HBV, HCV and human retroviruses(HIV-1, 2) among inpatients and outpatients of Balad General Hospital in Saladin governorate in Iraq. The study conducted in Balad General Hospital. Subjects with hepatitis C, B viruses, and HIV recorded from January2017 to December 2017. The age of patients ranged from 6 to 70 years; and the total number of tested serum samples was 32,942 serum samples. The highest percentage of HBVprevalence was in July by using ELISA technique (11.1%) for outpatients followed by 15.40% for outpatients in May by using anti-HBV strip.While the highest percentage of HCV prevalence was recorded in July by using ELISA technique (11.73%) for outpatients followed by 14.76% for outpatients in May by using anti-HCV strip. The percentage of patients infected with HBV in both sexes (females and males) was higher than the percentage of patients infected with HCV (1.80%vs.0.57%, respectively). Also, the present study indicated the seroprevalence of HBV (anti-HBV) was 38.27% for female and 41.02% for male with age range 21-30 years, and this significantly higher than in HCV which thepercentage of the seropositive cases were 37.03% in female and 39.13% in male with age range 41-50 years.Therewere no significant differences betweenthe seroprevalences of eachof anti-HCV Ab,anti-HBV Ab and HBsAg,and only 2 cases (0.03%) were seropositive for HIV-1, 2. Although, the HBV and HCV in Iraq are a major problem for the community and viral infectious diseases;the current study revealed that Iraq has a low prevalence for HBsAg, HBV, HCV and HIV.

Scopus
Publication Date
Wed Mar 01 2023
Journal Name
Accounting And Financial Sciences Journal
The Extent to which the Quality of Accounting Information Systems Contributes to Reducing Material
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This research dealt with shedding light on the nature of material misrepresentations, in addition to knowing the extent to which the quality of accounting information systems contributes to reducing material misrepresentations On the theoretical side, a number of sources were relied upon in dealing with the research problem and presentation of the topic, while in the practical side, it was relied on the questionnaire form, where the research sample was (accountants and auditors), where 50 forms were distributed and 50 were received, and the data was analyzed and hypotheses tested through the program Statistical spss to show the relationship between the variables. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is t

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Estimation the reliability function of multi state system by using Direct Partial Logic Derivative
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In this research is estimated the function of reliability dynamic of multi state systems  and their compounds and for three types of systems (serial, parallel, 2-out-of-3) and about two states (Failure and repair) depending on calculating the structur function allow to describing the behavior of

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Crossref
Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
The influence of no-core fibre length on the sensitivity Optical fibre Humidity sensor
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Abstract: Reflection optical fibre Humidity sensor is presented in this work, which is based on no core fibre prepared by splicing a segment of no core fibre (NCF) at different lengths 1-6 cm with fixed diameter 125 µm and a single mode fibre (SMF). The range of humidity inside the chamber is controlled from 30% to 90% RH at temperature ~ 30 °С. The experimental result shows that the resonant wavelength dip shift decreases linearly with an increment of RH% and the sensitivity of the sensor increased linearly with an increasing in the length of NCF. However, a high sensitivity 716.07pm/RH% is obtained at length 5cm with good stability and reputability.  Furthermore, the sensor is shif

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The passive of verbs constructed with prepositions: Das Passiv der mit Präpositionen konstruierten Verben
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 Verbs in German and Arabic are of two types: active and passive. Passive voice  is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages.  Out of grammatical perspective, each main verb has a form in the active and one in the passive known as a "genus verbi" (type of verb). In passive voice, both in German and in Arabic, the focus is on the action itself or on the result of the action; often the perpetrator is not mentioned. In German, to conjugate verbs in the passive voice, you must know the forms of werden (to become). German uses werden  + the past participle and states it at the end of a sentence. In Arabic,

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Crossref
Publication Date
Thu Sep 30 2004
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Simulation the Radiation Zone of Al-Mussaib Power Plant by using Monte Carlo Method
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Statistics And Its Interface
Search for risk haplotype segments with GWAS data by use of finite mixture models
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The region-based association analysis has been proposed to capture the collective behavior of sets of variants by testing the association of each set instead of individual variants with the disease. Such an analysis typically involves a list of unphased multiple-locus genotypes with potentially sparse frequencies in cases and controls. To tackle the problem of the sparse distribution, a two-stage approach was proposed in literature: In the first stage, haplotypes are computationally inferred from genotypes, followed by a haplotype coclassification. In the second stage, the association analysis is performed on the inferred haplotype groups. If a haplotype is unevenly distributed between the case and control samples, this haplotype is labeled

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Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Mar 29 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Effect of Orally -Administered Calcium Carbonate to Pregnant Women with Mild Pre-eclampsia
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Pre-eclampsia is the most common medical complication of pregnancy associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Its exact etiology is not known, although several evidences indicate that various elements might play an important role in pre-eclampsia. This study was carried out to analyze and to compare the concentration of calcium, in mild pre-eclampsia and in normal pregnant women , and to determine the effect of oral supplementation with calcium on mild pre-eclampsia  , and whether this effect is related to the change in the level of serum calcium. Forty- five women  in the third trimester of pregnancy were selected to participate in this study and divided  into: fifteen apparently healthy, normo

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Feb 01 2022
Journal Name
Macromolecular Symposia
Synthesis of 5‐Fluorouracil–Naproxen Conjugates as a Mutual Prodrug for Targeting Cancer Tissues
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Abstract<p>A new 5‐fluorouracil–naproxen conjugate is synthesized as a mutual prodrug for targeting cancer tissues. The structure of the target compound and their intermediate are characterized by their melting point, IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, <sup>13</sup>C NMR, and elemental microanalysis. The cytotoxic activity is preliminarily evaluated using nonsmall lung cancer CRL‐2049, human breast cancer CAL‐51, and one type of normal cell line; rat embryo fibroblast cell line. The synthesized compound shows a good cytotoxic effect at the cancer cell and no significant effect at rat embryo fibroblast cell line.</p>
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Scopus Clarivate Crossref
Publication Date
Sun Jun 01 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Solution of Nonlinear High Order Multi-Point Boundary Value Problems By Semi-Analytic Technique
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In this paper, we present new algorithm for the solution of the nonlinear high order multi-point boundary value problem with suitable multi boundary conditions. The algorithm is based on the semi-analytic technique and the solutions are calculated in the form of a rapid convergent series. It is observed that the method gives more realistic series solution that converges very rapidly in physical problems. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and simplicity of the proposed method in solving this type of multi- point boundary value problems.

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Crossref
Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2010
Journal Name
Al-kindy College Medical Journal
Effect of Very Early Atorvastatin Initiation for Acute Myocardial Infarction on Creatine Kinase release
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Background : It has been suggested that pretreatment with a statin agent prior to
myocardial infarction limits myocardial
creatine kinase release, and thus may act to
limit myocardial infarct size in humans.
Objective : To examine the effect of very
early statin initiation for acute myocardial
infarction (AMI), to the extent of
myonecrosis as manifested by peak serum
creatine kinase levels.
Methods : Patients with AMI admitted to AlKindy teaching hospital cardiac care unit
from 1st February 2007 to 28th February
2008, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria
cited in the present study, were randomly
assigned into two study groups. The statin
group patients have received a single oral
dose of 40 mg

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