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The impact of Outward bank transfers on exchange rates in Iraq
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The depreciation of the Iraqi dinar against the US dollar, reaching low levels and causing disruptions in the local markets, has had detrimental effects on individuals and companies, particularly those with limited income and the poor. The local currency approached around 1600 dinars per dollar, after the official exchange rate had stabilized at around 1450 dinars per US dollar. This depreciation in the value of the Iraqi dinar can be attributed to financial speculation among currency traders, which directly affected exchange rates and illicit dollar smuggling operations. Bank transfers are also important alongside financial transactions, especially in light of current economic developments in the 21st century. To prevent currency smuggling, financial corruption, and money laundering, the Central Bank of Iraq suspended four Iraqi banks, which used to receive half of the central bank's daily sales, based on a recommendation from the US Department of Treasury. Additionally, there has been increased scrutiny on the participating banks in the currency auction, with approximately 35 banks involved. These measures have significantly impacted dollar sales and led to a shortage in the market, resulting in the depreciation of the Iraqi dinar.The significance of this research lies in the impact of bank transfers in the context of fluctuations in exchange rates in the local financial markets in Iraq. The Iraqi economy faces various challenges, including structural imbalances in economic sectors and increased reliance on foreign currency to cover high import demands. The research hypothesis asserts that bank transfers are used as a means to regulate banking operations and achieve monetary stability, which the Central Bank of Iraq seeks amidst exchange rate fluctuations. The aim of the research is to highlight the importance of bank transfers as a study of exchange rate fluctuations in Iraq and to elucidate the role of bank transfers in implementing the new electronic platform program.

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 01 2010
Journal Name
Iraqi J Pharm Sci,
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Ligand Type N2O4 Schiff base and its Novel Complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions
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The reaction of 2-amino benzoic acid with 1,2-dichloroethane under reflux in methanol and KOH as a base to gave the precursor [H4L]. The precursor under reflux and drops of CH3COOH which reacted with (2mole) from salicycaldehyde in methanol to gave a new type N2O4 ligand [H2L], this ligand was reacted with (MCl2) Where [M= Co (II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)] in (1:1) ratio at reflux in methanol using KOH as a base, to give complexes of the general formula [M(L)]. All compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods [1H NMR ( just to the ligand), FTIR, uv-vis, atomic absorption], melting point, conductivity, chloride content, as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements. From the above data, the proposed molecular structu

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Molecular Structure
Synthesis, spectral studies, DFT, biological evaluation, molecular docking and dyeing performance of 1-(4-((2-amino-5-methoxy)diazenyl)phenyl) ethanone complexes with some metallic ions
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Four Co(II), (C1); Ni(II), (C2); Cu(II), (C3) and Zn(II), (C4) chelates have been synthesized with 1-(4-((2-amino- 5‑methoxy)diazenyl)phenyl)ethanone ligand (L). The produced compounds have been identified by using spectral studies, elemental analysis (C.H.N.O), conductivity and magnetic properties. The produced metal chelates were studied using molar ratio as well as sequences contrast types. Rate of concentration (1 ×10􀀀 4 - 3 ×10􀀀 4 Mol/L) sequence Beer’s law. Compound solutions have been noticed height molar absorptivity. The free of ligand and metal chelates had been applied as disperse dyes on cotton fabrics. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the produced compounds against various bacteria had been investigated. F

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 19 2020
Journal Name
Revista De Chimie
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) Complexes Using an Azo Dye as Ligand
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Azo ligand 11-(4-methoxyphenyl azo)-6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-benzo[4,5] imidazo[1,2-c] quinazoline-9-carboixylic acid was derived from 4-methoxyaniline and 6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline-9-carboxylic acid. The presence of azo dye was identified by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods (FT-IR and UV-Vis). The compounds formed have been identified by using atomic absorption in flame, FT.IR, UV-Vis spectrometry magnetic susceptibility and conductivity. In order to evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of ligand and its complexes used in this study three species of bacteria were also examined. Ligand and its complexes showed good bacterial efficiencies. From the obtained data, an octahedral geometry was proposed for all p

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 23 2017
Journal Name
Oriental Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis and Antioxidant Ability of some new 6-amino-7H- [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl) derivatives bearing 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)phenol moiety
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Compound 4-(((6-amino-7H-[1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b][1, 3, 4] thiadiazin-3-yl) methoxy) methyl)-2, 6-dimethoxyphenol (6) was synthesized by multi steps. The corresponding acetonitrile thioalkyl (7) was cyclized by refluxing with acetic acid to afford 4-(((6-amino-7H-[1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b][1, 3, 4] thiadiazin-3-yl) methoxy) methyl)-2, 6-dimethoxyphenol (8). Two new series of 4-(((6-(3-(4-aryl) thioureido)-7H-[1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b][1, 3, 4] thiadiazin-3-yl) methoxy) methyl)-2, 6-dimethoxyphenol (9a-c) and of 4-(((6-(substitutedbenzamido) 7H-[1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b][1, 3, 4] thiadiazin-3-yl) methoxy) methyl)-2, 6-dimethoxyphenol (10a-c) were synthesized as new derivatives for fused 1, 2, 4-trizaole-thiadiazine (8). The antioxidant

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 23 2017
Journal Name
Oriental Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis and Antioxidant Ability of Some New 6-amino-7H- [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl) Derivatives Bearing 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)Phenol Moiety
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Compound 4-(((6-amino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)- 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (6) was synthesized by multi steps. The corresponding acetonitrile thioalkyl (7) was cyclized by refluxing with acetic acid to afford 4-(((6-amino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (8). Two new series of 4-(((6-(3- (4-aryl)thioureido)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)-2,6- dimethoxyphenol (9a-c) and of 4-(((6-(substitutedbenzamido)7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)methoxy)methyl)-2,6-dimethoxyphenol (10a-c) were synthesized as new derivatives for fused 1,2,4-trizaole-thiadiazine(8). The antioxidants of newly compounds were evaluated by DPPH

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Synthesis and Characterization of new Manganese(II), Cobalt(II), Cadmium(II) and Mercury(II) Complexes with ligand [N-(3-acetylphenylcarbamothioyl)-2-chloroacetamide] and their Antibacterial Studies
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Abstract<p>Addition chloro acetyl isothiocyanate (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>ClNOS) with 3-Aminoaceto phenone (C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO) to prepare a fresh Ligand [N-(3-acetyl phenyl carbamothioyl)-2-chloroacetamide](L). The ligand (L) behaves as bidentate coordinating through O and S donor with metal ions, the general formula of all complexes [M(L)<sub>2</sub>(Cl)<sub>2</sub>](M<sup>+2</sup> = Manganese(II), Cobalt(II), Cadmium(II) and Mercury(II)). Compounds were investigation by Proton-1, Carbon -13 NMR spectra (ligand (L) only), Element Microanalysis for C, N, H, O, S, Fourier-transform infrared, UV visible, Conductance</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Tue Jul 01 2014
Journal Name
Bulletin Of The Iraq Natural History Museum (p-issn: 1017-8678 , E-issn: 2311-9799)
A DESCRIPTION STUDY OF TWO LOCAL FISH HIMRI CARASOBARBUS LUTEUS (Heckel, 1843)(CYPRINIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE) AND HISHNI LIZA ABU (Heckel, 1843) (MUGILOIDEI : MUGILIDAE) BY BONES STAINING METHOD
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    Two local fish Himri Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel, 1843)  and Hishni Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) were stained with Alizarin Red and featured some anatomical qualities which cleared the difference of the muscular and skeletal fabric for each fish. Since clear Histologic differences appeared in these two species, it was intended from this study the possibility of adopting a diagnosis between local fish species by staining bones and tissues.

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 25 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Drug Delivery Technology
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Activity and Thermal Study of New Complexes [Ni II, Hg II and La III] from Mixed Ligands (Curcumin and Azo compounds type N2O2)
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The compound [L] was produced in the current study through the reaction of 4-aminoacetophenon with 4-methoxyaniline in the cold, concentrated HCl with 10% NaNO2. Curcumin, several transition metal complexes (Ni (II), La (III), and Hg (II)), and compound [L] were combined in EtOH to create new complexes. UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, AA, TGA-DSC, conductivity, chloride content, and elemental analysis (CHNS) were used to describe the structure of produced complexes. Biological activities against fungi, S. aureus (G+), Pseudomonas (G-), E. coli (G-), and Proteus (G-) were demonstrated using complexes. Depending on the outcomes of the aforementioned methods, octahedral formulas were given as the geometrical structures for each created comp

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 14 2014
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Jour. For Pure & Appl. Sci
Synthesis and Characterization of Some O-[2-{''2-Substituted Aryl (''1,''3,''4 thiadiazolyl) ['3,'4-b]-'1,'2,'4- Triazolyl]-Ethyl]-p- chlorobenzald oxime Derivatives
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In this study new derivatives of O-[2-{''2-Substituted Aryl (''1,''3,''4 thiadiazolyl) ['3,'4-b]-'1,'2,'4- Triazolyl]-Ethyl]-p- chlorobenzald oxime (6-11)have been synthesized from the starting material p-chloro – E- benzaldoxime 1.Compound 2 was synthesized by the reaction of p-chloro – E- benzaldoxime with ethyl acrylate in basic medium. Refluxing compound 2 with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol absolute afforded 3. Derivative 4 was prepared by the reaction of 3 with carbon disulphide, treated of compound 4 with hydrazine hydrate gave 5. The derivatives (6-11) were prepared by the reaction of 5 with different substitutesof aromatic acids. The structures of these compounds were characterized from their melting points, infrared spectroscopy

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 01 2023
Journal Name
Health Science Reports
Diagnostic potential of salivary interleukin‐17, RANKL, and OPG to differentiate between periodontal health and disease and discriminate stable and unstable periodontitis: A case‐control study
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Abstract<sec><title>Background and Aims

Limitations of the conventional diagnostic techniques urged researchers to seek novel methods to predict, diagnose, and monitor periodontal disease. Use of the biomarkers available in oral fluids could be a revolutionary surrogate for the manual probing/diagnostic radiograph. Several salivary biomarkers have the potential to accurately discriminate periodontal health and disease. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of salivary interleukin (IL)‐17, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANKL/OPG for differentiating (1) periodontal health from disease and (2) stable a

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