Background: Breast cancer ranks the first among the Iraqi population since three decades and is currently forming a major public health problem being the second cause of death women. Novel management of breast cancer depends upon precise evaluation of their molecular subtypes; identified by Hormone (Estrogen and Progesterone) receptors and HER2 contents of the primary tumor.
Objective: To assess the rates of the different molecular breast cancer subtypes in the examined tissue specimens belonging to females diagnosed with breast cancer in Iraq; correlating the findings with those reported in the literature at the regional and global levels.
Patients and Methods: This retrospective study documented the findings of tissue biopsy exam

This study focused on the expression and regulation of BRCA1 in breast cancer cell lines compared to normal breast. BRCA1 transcript levels were assessed by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in the cancer cell lines. Our data show overexpression of BRCA1 mRNA level in all the studied breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 along with Jurkat, leukemia T-lymphocyte, the positive control, relative to normal breast tissue. To investigate whether a positive or negative correlation exists between BRCA1 and the transcription factor E2F6, three different si-RNA specific for E2F6 were used to transfect the normal and cancerous breast cell lines. Interestingly, strong negative relationship was found b

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest type of malignancy among women worldwide and in Iraq. Tru-cut needle biopsy technique provides adequate tissue for histopathological diagnosis of suspected breast lumps and assessment of hormonal receptors (estrogen, progesterone and HER2neu) prior to surgical operation.
Objectives: To assess estrogen, progesterone andHER2neu expression using breast cancer tissue specimens obtained by tru-cut biopsy, to correlate the findings with clinicopathological parameters of known prognostic significance in breast cancer patients.
Patients and Methods: This prospective study was held within the Main Referral Center for Early Detection of Breast Tumors/Medical City Teachi

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancerous tumor and major cause of death from cancer between women all over the world.
Objectives: is to assess if ultrasound features of breast cancer can predict its histopathological grade and HER2 status of breast cancer for patients had their diagnosis in Oncology Teaching Hospital in Medical city complex from September 2014 to November 2015
Patients and Methods: This is retrospective study of 102 patients whom histopathologically proved breast cancer had reviewed their ultrasound findings and correlate them with histopathological grade and HER2 status.
Results: well circumscribed lesions, poorly defined and spiculated lesions are more likely to be of intermediate to high grade

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a worldwide distribution and common infections. The presence of HCMV genome and antigens has been detected in many kinds of human cancers. The proto-oncogene Her2/neu is overexpressed in 25% to 30% of human breast cancers and frequently associated with tumor aggressiveness and worse prognosis. Examination was applied to detect different HCMV antigens and to demonstrate their correlation with Her2/neu overexpression in breast cancer. The present study includes samples from 70 women of 60 breast cancer patients and 10 normal breast tissues. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks were obtained from each woman according to ethical approval. Human cytomegalovirus early antigen expression was detected in 5

     The human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) gene plays a critical role in breast cancer development and progression. HER2 overexpression characterizes a biologically and clinically aggressive breast cancer subtype. In this study, 60 samples from Iraqi women with breast cancer were collected and investigated for HER2 protein in the tissue by immunohistochemistry. Also, 20 samples from healthy Iraqi women were used as a control. The results showed that 18 (30 %) patients expressed the HER2 protein. A molecular study for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was conducted on samples metastasizing to lymph nodes. DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify e

Abstract: E2F6 is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors involved in regulation of a wide variety of genes through both activation and repression. E2F6 has been reported as overexpressed in breast cancers but whether or not this is important for tumor development is unclear. We first checked E2F6 expression in tumor cDNAs and the protein level in a range of breast cancer cell lines. RNA interference-mediated depletion was then used to assess the importance of E2F6 expression in cell lines with regard to cell cycle profile using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and a cell survival assay using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The overexpression of E2F6 was confirmed in breast tumor cDNA samp

Breast cancer is the commonest cancer and the leading cause of malignancies-related mortality in women worldwide. Understanding the underlying biology of the disease could improve patients’ stratification and may offer novel therapeutic targets and strategies. This study was set to investigate the association between BRCA1 gene expression and some of the clinical features of breast cancer patients in Baghdad-Iraq. Eighty peripheral blood samples were collected from sixty patients diagnosed with breast cancer and twenty healthy age-matched controls for BRCA1 qPCR gene expression analysis.

     The results showed a significant reduction in BRCA1 gene expression in all of the bre