A lotic ecosystem is considered a source of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere where it becomes supersaturated with CO2, which contributes to the global carbon cycle. To enhance our comprehension of the roles of CO2 in rivers, an outdoor experiment was designed with controlled carbon source inputs to investigate the roles of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the phytoplankton community. Plastic enclosures were installed in the Tigris River within Baghdad for that goal. Samples were collected on the first day, as well as on the 5th and the 12th days from 14 enclosures. The enclosures were treated by artificial glucose (C6H12O6) (10, 20, 30mg/ l) as DOC sources, while sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (10, 20, 30μM) was used as a DIC source. The results showed that the concentration of nitrate (NO3 -) and phosphate (PO4 3-) changed over time and weren’t affected by the treatments. On the other hand pH, DOC, and CO2 concentrations were affected by treatments. Moreover, our results indicated that DOC and DIC treatments had a direct impact on phytoplankton biomass growth via increasing chlorophyll (Chl) concentration. Overall, it was concluded that different carbon sources (DOC and CO2) could be essential factors that shape river ecosystems function through influencing the base of food webs.
Carbon Sources and Riverine Algal Biomass: An Experimental Study
CO2
DOC
DIC
Phytoplankton
Chlorophyll
Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Lark Journal
The problem of synonyms and similar words in
the translation of the Holy Quran into Russian
(based on the translation by Elmir Kuliev)
اشكالية الترادف والكلمات المتقاربة في المعنى في ترجمة القران الكريم الى اللغة الروسية
(بناءا على ترجمة إلمير كولييف)
Проблема синонимов и близких по значению слов в переводе Священного Корана на
русский язык
(на материале перевода Эльмира Кулиева)
Tandem
Holy Quran
verse
surah
Translation.
In our research, we dealt with one of the most important issues of linguistic studies of the Holy Qur’an, which is the words that are close in meaning, which some believe are synonyms, but in the Arabic language they are not considered synonyms because there are subtle differences between them. Synonyms in the Arabic language are very few, rather rare, and in the Holy Qur’an they are completely non-existent. And how were these words, close in meaning, translated in the translation of the Holy Qur’an by Almir Kuliev into the Russian language.